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51.
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Olfactory aversion conditioning of preweanling rats, 10 or 18 days postnatal, was tested after some had been given nonreinforced experience with the to-be-conditioned odor stimulus. In three experiments, it was established that the amount of prior exposure to the CS determined the effectiveness of conditioning. For both ages, odor-shock conditioning was more likely impaired with longer durations of preexposure. This effect was more apparent in the older animals. Low to moderate degrees of prior exposure to the CS under some conditions facilitated, rather than impaired, olfactory conditioning in the 10-day-old rat. This result is in agreement with one previous study in which facilitation in learning was reported for this age after short-term preexposure to the CS. The present study adds to previous data on differential effects of CS preexposure on conditioning. Although the conditions under which facilitation rather than impairment occurs are not yet clear, age-related differences in the effects of CS preexposure were apparent in the present experiments. 相似文献
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54.
Gertraud Hoffmann Jochem Pattloch Sibylle Schweizer und Klaus Ullmann 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》1997,12(3):151-156
Zusammenfassung. Der st?ndig steigende Bedarf der Einrichtungen aus Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung an Bandbreite zur übertragung multimedialer
Daten machte den Aufbau eines Breitband-Wissenschaftsnetzes (B-WiN) erforderlich. Der folgende Bericht erl?utert die Methodik
der Konzeptionierung und Realisierung des B-WiN. Das Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie
(BMBF) unterstützt das Projekt im Zeitraum von 1995 bis 1998 mit erheblichen Zuschüssen.
Eingegangen am 23. Mai 1996/Angenommen am 13. Juni 1997 相似文献
55.
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Eliahu Hoffmann 《Information processing & management》1980,16(6):291-304
In order to characterize the information content of scientific documents an appropriate definition is developed which is based on the facts and data reported therein and on their conceptual interrelationship. The scope and limitations of such a definition are discussed and it is used to carry out the content analysis of a scientific paper and its abstract. The results of these analyses are represented in graphic form, evaluated and compared. 相似文献
57.
Eszter Somogyi Mollie Hamilton Lisa K. Chinn Lisa Jacquey Tobias Heed Matej Hoffmann Jeffrey J. Lockman Jacqueline Fagard J. Kevin O'Regan 《Child development》2023,94(3):e154-e165
This longitudinal study investigated the effect of experience with tactile stimulation on infants' ability to reach to targets on the body, an important adaptive skill. Infants were provided weekly tactile stimulation on eight body locations from 4 to 8 months of age (N = 11), comparing their ability to reach to the body to infants in a control group who did not receive stimulation (N = 10). Infants who received stimulation were more likely to successfully reach targets on the body than controls by 7 months of age. These findings indicate that tactile stimulation facilitates the development of reaching to the body by allowing infants to explore the sensorimotor correlations emerging from the stimulation. 相似文献
58.
Baumsteiger Rachel Hoffmann Jessica D. Castillo-Gualda Ruth Brackett Marc A. 《Learning Environments Research》2022,25(2):465-483
Learning Environments Research - We investigated the impact of RULER—an evidence-based approach to social and emotional learning—on school climate. Students and teachers from 37 Mexican... 相似文献
59.
Zhuo-dong?ZhangEmail author Ralf?Wieland Matthias?Reiche Roger?Funk Carsten?Hoffmann Yong?Li Michael?Sommer 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2012,13(4):274-283
To provide physically based wind modelling for wind erosion research at regional scale, a 3D computational fluid dynamics
(CFD) wind model was developed. The model was programmed in C language based on the Navier-Stokes equations, and it is freely
available as open source. Integrated with the spatial analysis and modelling tool (SAMT), the wind model has convenient input
preparation and powerful output visualization. To validate the wind model, a series of experiments was conducted in a wind
tunnel. A blocking inflow experiment was designed to test the performance of the model on simulation of basic fluid processes.
A round obstacle experiment was designed to check if the model could simulate the influences of the obstacle on wind field.
Results show that measured and simulated wind fields have high correlations, and the wind model can simulate both the basic
processes of the wind and the influences of the obstacle on the wind field. These results show the high reliability of the
wind model. A digital elevation model (DEM) of an area (3800 m long and 1700 m wide) in the Xilingele grassland in Inner Mongolia
(autonomous region, China) was applied to the model, and a 3D wind field has been successfully generated. The clear implementation
of the model and the adequate validation by wind tunnel experiments laid a solid foundation for the prediction and assessment
of wind erosion at regional scale. 相似文献
60.
Lisa Hoffmann Vesa Närhi Hannu Savolainen Susanne Schwab 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2021,21(4):312-322
Previous studies pointed out that dealing with difficult behaviour is perceived by teachers as a major challenge in inclusive settings. However, research on the students' perception of the classroom behavioural climate (CBC) is rare. Therefore, this study aims to examine students’ perceptions of CBC and to identify predictors of CBC as well as associated variables. The sample consists of 650 German students from secondary schools (5th-9th grade) of whom 83 students are diagnosed with special educational needs (SEN). CBC was measured via four subscales (‘students’ possibilities to study and concentrating on teaching’, ‘disruptive behaviour’, ‘physical and psychological safety’ and ‘caring for the physical environment’). Results show significant differences in students’ perceptions of CBC between students from different school tracks. Furthermore, gender (being male) and SEN (having a) predict the perception of ‘physical and psychological safety’. Additionally, social inclusion, emotional experience as well as teacher support and care are associated with CBC. Accordingly, a positive CBC is important for the successful implementation of inclusive education: while diversity in classrooms is a challenge for behavioural climate, poor behavioural climate may also pose specific barriers to learning for some students with SEN and thus is a general challenge for equity in inclusive classrooms. 相似文献