Sport as a Valued Human Practice: a basis for the consideration of some moral issues in sport

ABSTRACT It is argued that sport, like science or medicine, is a valued human practice and is characterised as much by the moral manner in which its participants conduct themselves as by the pursuit of its own skills, standards and excellences. Virtues, such as justice, honesty and courage, are not only necessary to pursue its goals but to protect it from being corrupted by external interests. After explicating the practice view of sport in contrast to the sociological view, the nature of competition in sport is discussed before examining two related issues: winning at all costs and the taking of performance-enhancing drugs. The importance of practices to education and the good life is also outlined.     

Meta-analysis: a tool for medical and scientific discoveries.

Medicine has made increasing use of meta-analysis, largely as a quantitative procedure for combining results of clinical trials. Meta-analysis begins with a comprehensive review of the literature. The next step is a systematic analysis of the quality and content of each study. Finally, results are combined statistically and conclusions are drawn from this new overview of the data. This paper presents a brief historical perspective on the use of meta-analysis in medicine with emphasis on the medical library. The authors conclude that in the future, medical librarians will play a significant role in the application of this useful technique.     

Pre-season physiological characteristics of English first and second division soccer players.

This investigation was undertaken in an effort to establish physiological characteristics of soccer players and to relate them to positional roles. A total of 135 footballers (age 24.4 +/- 4.6 years) were assessed for body mass, % body fat, haemoglobin, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), leg power, anaerobic capacity and speed prior to an English league season. The sample included 13 goalkeepers, 22 full-backs, 24 centre-backs, 35 midfield players and 41 forwards. The goalkeepers were significantly heavier (86.1 +/- 5.5 kg; P < 0.01) than all groups except the centre-backs, had significantly higher estimated body fat percentages than centre-backs, forwards, midfield players (P < 0.01) or full-backs (P < 0.05), significantly lower estimated VO2 max values (56.4 +/- 3.9 ml kg-1 min-1; P < 0.01) and were slowest over 60 m (12.71 +/- 0.42 s). The midfield players had the highest predicted VO2 max values (61.4 +/- 3.4 ml kg-1 min-1), this being significantly greater (P < 0.05) than for the centre-backs. The forwards were the fastest group over 60 m (12.19 +/- 0.30 s), being significantly quicker than goalkeepers or centre-backs (P < 0.01) and full-backs (P < 0.05). Anaerobic power, as well as knee extensor torques (corrected for body mass) and extensor-flexor ratios, were similar between groups. No difference in estimated body fat percentage was observed between any of the outfield players, and haemoglobin concentrations were similar among players of all positions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

体育教师的体质优势与子代性别

对多个城市的约 15 0 0名体育教师进行了问卷调查。统计数据表示 ,1个家庭中 ,父母某一方为体育教师时 ,子代的性别具有与亲代同性别倾向性 ,这种情况也许是由于体育教师的相对体质优势对子代在性别上具有某种影响的结果     

企业所有权安排的历史沿革

在分工发展过程中,企业所有权安排是一个动态变化的过程.生产要素对企业生产的不同贡献影响不同时期的企业所有权特征.本文围绕人力资本,从监督和激励两个方面分析了三个典型历史时期的企业所有权安排方式,以考察其动态变化的效率性.     

初论举重运动员的重量感

重量感是举重运动员在运动过程中的 1种专门化的运动知觉。从训练和比赛实践中积累的大量资料中列举部分实例来说明重量感在训练和比赛中的典型表现形式 ,着重讨论了重量感的定义、形成过程及主要特征。由于目前举重界对重量感形成的机制、原理尚不清楚 ,在一定程度上影响了选材和训练过程 ,对此问题进行深入的研究和开发十分必要     

论体育纠纷的争端解决机制

体育纠纷区别于民事纠纷和行政纠纷，具有其特殊性。在发生体育纠纷时，体育行政部门、各级法院在处理案件及适用法律上处处感到棘手。探讨了体育纠纷的3种一个合理的可供选择的基本框架。解决机制：体育仲裁、体育调解和体育诉讼，以求从理论上为体育争端的解决创设     

影响跳远助跑准确性的心理与技术分析

通过文献资料法以及训练实践 ,从影响跳远助跑准确性的心理和技术两个方面进行较为详细的简述 ,旨在为广大教练员运动员创造优秀的成绩提供帮助