Validity of self-reported reading disability by parents of reading-disabled and control children

Composite reading scores obtained from parents of 125 reading-disabled children and 125 matched control children who participated in the Colorado Family Reading Study were used to test the validity of self-reported reading problems. Parents who reported that they encountered serious difficulty learning to read had significantly lower reading scores than did those who reported no positive history of reading problems. Moreover, this difference was larger for parents of reading-disabled children than for those of controls. Thus, parental self-reports provide a valid index of reading problems.     

The easy-to-hard effect: Transfer along the dimension of orientation in the rat

Long-Evans rats were trained on an easy simultaneous discrimination problem and then transferred to a hard discrimination problem. The discriminanda were different orientations of stripes. In Experiment I, transfer was intradimensional with stimulus generalization controlled. The easy-to-hard effect was not found. In Experiment II transfer was intradimensional and either compatible (nonreversal) or incompatible (reversal). With compatible transfer, rats trained on a prior easy problem learned the hard problem faster than rats trained only on the hard problem. Persistent negative transfer was found with incompatible transfer. Attention was not supported as underlying the easy-to-hard effect. Explanations based on specific sources of intradimensional transfer, such as stimulus generalization or adaptation level, are suggested.     

The adaptation of hearing parents of hearing-impaired youths

This study evaluated the emotional and marital adjustment of hearing parents of hearing-impaired youths. Participants included mothers and fathers of hearing-impaired youths and mothers and fathers of hearing youths. In contrast with expectations based on clinical impressions reported in the literature, parents of hearing-impaired youths reported less symptomatology than did parents of hearing youths, and there were no differences in the marital satisfaction of parents in intact families. Moreover, parental adjustment was not associated with the duration of time since the child was diagnosed as hearing impaired. In addition, hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that family cohesion was associated with low maternal symptomatology and high marital satisfaction for both spouses. For mothers, low symptomatology was associated with low stress and female gender of child; high marital satisfaction also was linked with a less severe degree of hearing loss in the youth.     

关于一个极限公式的证明

证明了一个极限公式，为求非可导函数的不定式的极限提出一种新的有效方法．     

关于饭店员工流失问题的探讨

饭店员工频繁流动是一个普遍存在的现象，而导致员工流失的原因是多方面的。从饭店管理角度来看，人员流动过频，尤其是优秀员工的流失显然对饭店的经营管理带来不利的影响，甚至会危及企业的生存与发展，为此必须采取一些有效措施来稳定员工队伍。     

数学专业基础课双语教学的探索

对一般本科院校数学专业基础课双语教学中存在的问题进行了剖析,认为存在的主要问题有:一是教师对双语教学的重要性认识不足;二是符合双语教学要求的师资相对短缺;三是大学英语、专业英语与双语教学的衔接存在问题;四是教材、教辅材料等价格偏高,教学资源溃乏。针对存在的问题,提出了切实可行的解决方法。     

近代国民性改造思想的萌芽--论地主阶级改革派的人心风俗思想

鸦片战争前后,与严重的社会危机相对应,人的道德、心理与行为方式也面临着近代转型的根本任务.龚自珍、魏源等地主阶级改革派在充分吸收传统文化中个性解放思想等优秀成分的基础之上,揭露、分析了当时国人人心风俗全面堕落的种种表现及其政治、学术、社会成因,并提出了他们对理想国民性的崭新设计,这是一个集传统文化优秀成分之大成的人心风俗改造模式,是近代国民性改造思想的萌芽,但由于时代的局限性,它还不具备国民性改造的近代意义.