The development of creative personalities through independent academic work in distance education in the German Democratic Republic

This article commences with a presentation of the consultation model of distance education (Fernstudium) as practised in the German Democratic Republic. It then considers the contribution which this form of education can make to the development of creative personalities who are capable of independent academic work.     

Book reviews

International Review of Education -     

逻辑和运动

在运动科学模型里，人们之所以感觉物体是运动的，首先是这个客观的物体已经作为我们感知的对象和在我们的意识之内能够测定，为了使这个判断合乎科学，这里尝试在此在存在(Da-Sein)，如是存在(So-Sein)和价值存在(Wert-Sein)，同一性和相同性的逻辑联系的基础上，建立了感觉和运动统一的逻辑理论。     

A General Approach to Defining Latent Growth Components

We present a 3-step approach to defining latent growth components. In the first step, a measurement model with at least 2 indicators for each time point is formulated to identify measurement error variances and obtain latent variables that are purged from measurement error. In the second step, we use contrast matrices to define the latent growth components representing the constructs of substantive interest. The corresponding matrix of structural coefficients is then computed by inverting the contrast matrix. In the third and last step, the first 2 steps are integrated into a structural equation model. The particular strength of this approach is that it permits construction of latent growth components in such a way that they represent interesting contrasts from a substantive point of view. This is illustrated using data of cancer patients obtained from 3 fatigue scales of the multidimensional fatigue inventory measured at 4 time points.     

Comparison of different enzymes and probes and their combinations in DNA fingerprinting

In the present study, eight combinations of restriction enzymes and oligonucleotide probes were tested for detecting VNTR polymorphism. More than a hundred loci were detected by all enzyme-probe combinations. The influences of breed, enzyme and probe as well as their interactions were analysed, and the mean value of DNA fingerprint data was calculated for the enzymes and probes. The results will provide some valuable information for studying the genetic relationship of individuals or populations using DNA fingerprinting.