德国建设"高等教育强国"之启示——德国高等教育机构的分层与分类

本文对德国高等教育机构的分层分类情况和历程做以介绍,概括了德国高等教育机构分层和分类的若干特点,并提出了对中国的一些有益启示.     

Distributed ledger technology as a catalyst for open innovation adoption among small and medium-sized enterprises

Open innovation and distributed ledger technology (DLT) are both based on the underlying principles of distribution and sharing. While open innovation is about sharing knowledge to improve innovation processes and performance, DLT is a distributed data ledger that is utilized to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure immutability, traceability, security, and transparency. In this paper, we investigate the barriers to open innovation currently faced by small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) that DLT can solve. To achieve this goal, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 experts in open innovation and DLTs from Spain, Germany, Australia, and India. The results of our exploratory study show that DLTs can help to solve several problems, including external barriers, such as problems with contracts, financing, lack of trust, raw materials, lack of information, domestic and international market limitations, IP rights, and governmental regulations as well as bureaucracy. Internal challenges include insufficient funding, organizational systems that are out of date, and lack of trust. When it comes to difficulties associated with the management of open innovation, external barriers are frequently caused by customers' demands, while internal barriers are frequently caused by organizational culture or human nature, which cannot be improved by DLTs. Finally, SMEs might face new obstacles when integrating DLTs, such as integration problems, complex transition phases, and high setup costs as well as problems with attracting and retaining qualified employees.     

Changing school culture： From deficiencies to strengths An intervention study about school culture

This research project focuses on the question： Which effects do teachers＇ attitudes have on students＇ academic self-concept and students＇ competences？ The study is informed by the theoretical perspective that competences and individual skills can be improved especially when students and teachers are confident about the possibility of change of these variables and when teachers make this explicit as a central theme. In our intervention study, we investigate whether a change in the teaching and learning setting （moving from a focus on deficits to a focus on strengths） is able to enhance students＇ academic self-concept and students＇ competences, even across domains.     

德国高校层次结构分析

德国院校的结构"纵向分三层,横向分若干类",近年却呈现"四圈层"的特点。德国高校在层次结构、高校设置、成人教育、科研与教学等四个方面所具有的特点,在稳定高等教育系统、规范高校设置、就业制度与高校层次、全日制教育与业余教育关系和高校层次划分等方面的做法,都有可供中国借鉴之处。