Molecular design revitalizes the low-cost PTV-polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells

Developing photovoltaic materials with simple chemical structures and easy synthesis still remains a major challenge in the industrialization process of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an ester substituted poly(thiophene vinylene) derivative, PTVT-T, was designed and synthesized in very few steps by adopting commercially available raw materials. The ester groups on the thiophene units enable PTVT-T to have a planar and stable conformation. Moreover, PTVT-T presents a wide absorption band and strong aggregation effect in solution, which are the key characteristics needed to realize high performance in non-fullerene-acceptor (NFA)-based OSCs. We then prepared OSCs by blending PTVT-T with three representative fullerene- and NF-based acceptors, PC₇₁BM, IT-4F and BTP-eC9. It was found that PTVT-T can work well with all the acceptors, showing great potential to match new emerging NFAs. Particularly, a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 16.20% is achieved in a PTVT-T:BTP-eC9-based device, which is the highest value among the counterparts based on PTV derivatives. This work demonstrates that PTVT-T shows great potential for the future commercialization of OSCs.     

绿色农业控制系统创新实践教学平台设计

以绿色农业应用为背景,融入现代科技设计创新实践教学平台.系统设计了清洁能源系统、能源储存系统、信息采集系统、智能温室控制系统、中央控制系统、人机交互以及云平台应用系统,实现能源自给自足、环境信息采集与存储、无线区域组网、系统信息显示与预警、智能控制等功能.系统内各功能部分,采用独立的模块化设计,易于组装移植,综合性、开...     

Injectable hybrid inorganic nanoscaffold as rapid stem cell assembly template for cartilage repair

Cartilage injuries are often devastating and most cannot be cured because of the intrinsically low regenerative capacity of cartilage tissues. Although stem-cell therapy has shown enormous potential for cartilage repair, the therapeutic outcome has been restricted by low survival rates and poor chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Here, we report an injectable hybrid inorganic (IHI) nanoscaffold that facilitates fast assembly, enhances survival and regulates chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. IHI nanoscaffolds that strongly bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins assemble stem cells through synergistic 3D cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, creating a favorable physical microenvironment for stem-cell survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, chondrogenic factors can be loaded into nanoscaffolds with a high capacity, which allows deep, homogenous drug delivery into assembled 3D stem-cell-derived tissues for effective control over the soluble microenvironment of stem cells. The developed IHI nanoscaffolds that assemble with stem cells are injectable. They also scavenge reactive oxygen species and timely biodegrade for proper integration into injured cartilage tissues. Implantation of stem-cell-assembled IHI nanoscaffolds into injured cartilage results in accelerated tissue regeneration and functional recovery. By establishing our IHI nanoscaffold-templated 3D stem-cell assembly method, we provide a promising approach to better overcoming the inhibitory microenvironment associated with cartilage injuries and to advance current stem-cell-based tissue engineering.     

美国智库对中美科技竞争的观点解读及对策建议

[目的/意义]准确研判美国智库对于中美科技竞争的基本观点,是分析美国对中国进行科技竞争的舆论走向、战略认知与政策取向的重要依据。[方法/过程]选取美国8家主流智库的11份代表性研究成果作为研究样本,发现美国智库主要围绕中国科技实力的发展对美国产生的影响与美国如何同中国展开科技竞争这两个议题进行全面与深入的探讨。总体而言,美国主要智库已就中国科技实力对美国形成重要挑战这一点达成一定的共识,但在美国同中国展开科技竞争应实行的具体政策上存在一定的分歧。[结果/结论]美国智库总体上对中美科技竞争持消极观点,这是美国对中国的战略认知出现转变的结果。这些观点的传播将影响美国政府对华科技政策的取向,影响其他国家同中国展开的科技合作。中国应该在理性与辩证地看待美国主流智库观点的基础上,消除美国智库观点带来的消极影响,管控中美间在科技领域的战略竞争,努力拓展同美国以及其他国家在科技领域的合作空间,增强自主创新能力,化解中国在科技外交上可能面临的不利局面。     

多种结构形式的统一—如东县中学“科技楼”的主体结构设计试析

通过如东县中学“科技楼”的主体结构设计,探讨当代现代重点中学办学环节中硬件设施应具备的结构设计理念和设计方法,力图达到多种结构形式及技术与经济的完美统一。     

Static analysis of synchronism deployable antenna

INTRODUCTION Large antennas for space applications have some differences as compared to their counterparts de-signed and manufactured for ground usage. For a larger space antenna, the applied loads in space can be several orders of magnitude less than the gravity loading it is subjected to when being fabricated and assembled on the ground. Since the effect of gravity cannot be removed from any experimental verifica-tion performed on the ground, we must rely on the use of efficient and hig…     

RAPD在蔬菜种子纯度鉴定中应用的反应条件优化

随着分子生物学的发展,ＲＡＰＤ（随扩增多态性ＤＮＡ）在越来越多的领域得到应用,但在蔬菜纯度鉴定方面,国内外报道较少,为了更好地将ＲＡＰＤ方法应用于蔬菜种子纯度鉴定,就反应条件进行了探索,以几种蔬菜种子为材料,使用进口ＰＣＲ仪在,对几种蔬菜种子进行ＲＡＰＤ分子过程中,从ＤＮＡ提取方法,模板ＤＮＡ量,Ｍｇ＾２＋浓度,Ｔａｑ－ＤＮＡ聚合酶的量,ｄＮＴＰｓ浓度,随机引物浓度及反应缓冲液的量等几个方面进行研     

社会网络视角下新进员工跳槽的生存分析

本研究以社会网络为视角,探讨影响企业新进员工跳槽的社会网络机制。选取2008年参加工作的毕业生为对象进行生存分析发现,入职前后的社会网络强度会显著提高新进员工的跳槽可能,而扩大入职后的网络规模则会延长新进员工的工作持续时间。交互效应的检验表明,入职前网络强度与入职后网络规模和强度的交互效应均会对工作持续时间产生积极影响。本研究最后提出了有针对性的建议。     

教育与代际收入流动关系(下)——基于研究方法与经验发现的文献述评

中西方有关代际收入流动的研究成果十分丰富.就教育与代际收入关系的实证研究而言,现有研究在方法上大体可以分为三类:第一类研究使用断代分析法或倍差分析法对国家教育制度或政策效果进行评价;第二类研究使用中间变量法或代际系数分解法,探究不同的教育获得变量对代际收入流动性的影响;第三类研究基于经济学基本理论建立数据模型,并使用经验数据对模型拟合,对教育与代际收入关系进行了丰富且有趣的探讨.各国实证研究均显示教育确实对代际收入流动性具有一定的解释力度.西方国家研究显示:第一,教育对代际流动的净效应在30％-40％左右,而我国少数几项研究显示教育的解释力度在10％左右;第二,教育对收入流动性的解释力度存在时间、地区、性别、收入、职业等多方面的差异;第三,不同阶段的教育促进代际收入流动的作用不同,早期教育的作用大于高等教育;第四,延长教育年限和延迟分流对代际收入流动具有正向促进作用,而教育扩张和教育机会增加则不必然带来代际收入流动的提升.未来研究可将重点放在基于中国现实背景的研究以及国际比较研究,而计量模型的完善及对教育获得变量的详尽考察对于提高研究质量至关重要.     

模具设计与制造专业建设与改革的思考

模具是制造业的基础工艺装备,是衡量一个国家制造水平的重要标志,在整个国民经济中占有重要的地位,然而我国模具人才短缺严重。结合自身工作,对职业院校模具人才培养情况进行阐述,并提出专业建设与改革的思路和措施。