THE RACIAL STRESS OF MEMBERSHIP: DEVELOPMENT OF THE FACULTY INVENTORY OF RACIALIZED EXPERIENCES IN SCHOOLS

Research on the experience of faculty of color in predominately White independent schools (PWIS) is limited. This study explored faculty of varying racial backgrounds and their initiation of, interactions with, and stress reactions to racial conflicts within the school settings using an online survey. Several measures were developed according to the Racial/Ethnic Coping Appraisal and Socialization Theory (recast) model and administered to 339 faculty participants. Using factor analytic and correlational analyses, results from the highly reliable measures found that Black faculty show significantly less trust in schools to manage racial conflict, lower sense of school membership, greater racial stress, and more racial socialization than their White counterparts do. With reliable and valid measures on the racialized experiences of faculty in PWIS, future research can ask better questions on how much racial politics influence diversity initiatives, including faculty and student recruitment and retention, supportive racial and intellectual climate, and organizational mission and professional development. Implications for the development of racially relevant measures in schools are discussed.     

Henrietta Crosman on voice

Good American Speech. By Margaret Prendergast Mclean. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, 1928.

The Psychology of Language. By W. B. Pillsbury and C. L. Meader. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1928; pp. 306: $3.

Abraham Lincoln: 1809‐1858. By Albert J. Beveridge. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1928: 2 volumes, pp. 1348.

The Public Mind: its disorders; its exploitation. By Norman Angell. New York, Button, 1926: pp. 220.

The Public and Its Problems. By John Dewey. New York, Henry Holt, 1927: pp. 224

Publicity for Social Work. By Mary Swain Routzahn and Evart G. Routzahn. New York: Bussell Sage Foundation, 1928, pp. xviii, 392.

Readings in Public Opinion. By W. Brooke Graves. New York: Appleton's, 1928, pp. viii, 1281. $6.

Propaganda. By Edward L. Bernays. New York: Horace Liveright, 1928, pp. 159. $2.50.

Propaganda Technique in the World War. By Harold Lasswell. New York: Knopf, 1927, pp. 283. $3.25.

Political Behavior. By Frank R. Kent. New York: Wm. Morrow, 1928, pp. 342. $2.50.

Public Discussion and Debate. By A. Craig Baird. Boston: Ginn and Company, 1928: pp. iv, 370.

Principles of Effective Speaking: A Text for Colleges and Universities. By William Phillips Sandford and Willard Hayes Yeager. New York: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1928: pp. xv, 416.

The Art of Interpretative Speech. Principles and Practices of Effective Beading. By Charles H. Woollbert and Severina E. Nelson. New York: F. S. Crofts and Company, 1927: pp. vii, 385.

Communicative Speaking. By J. Stanley Gray. Boston: Expression Co., 1928: pp. 299: $2.50.

How to Talk. By John Mantle Clapp and Edwin A. Kane. New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1928: pp. 631.

A Bibliography of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. By Clark Sutherland Northup (now President of the national Phi Beta Kappa Society). New York: The Elisha Parmele Press, 1928. pp. viii, 328.

Crowell's Dictionary of English Grammar and Handbook of American Usage. By Maurice H. Weseen. New York: Thomas T. Crowell Company, 1928: pp. ix, 703.

The Influence of the Audience on Shakespeare's Drama. By Robert Bridges. New York: Oxford University Press, 1927; pp. x, 29.

The Art of Playwriting. Lectures delivered at the University of Pennsylvania on the Mask and Wig Foundation. Philadelphia: the University of Pennsylvania Press: 1928.

The Oxford Recitations. With a Preface by John Masefield. New York: The MacMillan Company: 1928: $1.50.

Power Control. By H. S. RAushenbush and Harry W. Laidler. New York: New Republic, Inc., 1928: $1.     

Commentary

This paper examines the sociological implications of sport as a male preserve. Sport is a gendered cultural form that has been dominated by men and masculinity. The effects of this domination upon broader patterns of social relations have been misrepresented in much of the literature on sport and gender, where sport is often conceptualized as a static fact, rather than as a dynamic social practice. Analysis of sport as social practice directs attention to the manner in which sport gives meaning to broader patterns of social relations. In the case of gender relations, sport as a male preserve has contributed to the oppression of women through the objectification and dornination of their physicality and sexuality. A feminist alternative to sport as a male preserve challenges gender inequality by challenging sexual stereotypes and patriarchal control of women's bodies.     

Role of Significant Life Experiences in Building Environmental Knowledge and Behavior Among Middle School Students

Significant life experience research suggests that the presence of role models, time outdoors, and nature-related media foster pro-environmental behavior, but most research is qualitative. Based on a random sample of middle school students in North Carolina, USA, we found limited positive associations between presence of a role model and time outdoors with behavior and a negative association between watching nature television and environmental knowledge. The strongest predictors of environmental knowledge and behavior were student/teacher ratio and county income levels, respectively. We also found that Native Americans engaged in environmental behaviors more than Caucasians, and that African American and Hispanic students had lower levels of environmental knowledge. Accordingly, life experiences appear less important than promoting small class sizes and addressing challenges associated with lower incomes in schools.     

One man's opinion

In recent years rank and file leaders within labor unions have risen to challenge incumbents. This paper offers an addition to Herbert W. Simons’ theory on phases of leadership in certain types of social movements by examining the rhetoric of two union leaders who represent the dissident rank and file within the United Mine Workers of America and the United Steelworkers of America. Both men call for adaptation, renewal, and a new type of labor leader.     

Book review section

FREE SPEECH: RESPONSIBLE COMMUNICATION UNDER LAW. By Robert M. O'Neil. Indianapolis, Indiana: The Bobbs‐Merrill Company, Inc., 1966; pp. viii 123+$1.25.

THE MOYNIHAN REPORT AND THE POLITICS OF CONTROVERSY, by Lee Rainwater and William L. Yancey. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1967; pp. xvii+493. $3.95.

VOICES OF CRISIS: VITAL SPEECHES ON CONTEMPORARY ISSUES, by Floyd W. Matson, New York: The Odyssey Press, Inc., 1967; pp. xi+304.

THE BLACK POWER REVOLT. Edited by Floyd B. Barbour. Boston: Porter Sargent Publisher, 1968; pp. 287. $5.95 cloth; $2.95 paper.

THE AGITATOR IN AMERICAN SOCIETY. By Charles W. Lomas. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice‐Hall, 1968; pp. viii+182.

BLACK POWER: THE POLITICS OF LIBERATION IN AMERICA. By Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton. New York: Vintage Books, 1967; pp. xii+ 198. Paper $1.95.

REPORT OF THE NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMISSION ON CIVIL DISORDERS. New York: Bantam Books, 1968; pp. xi+609. Paper $1.25.     

The Communication Anxiety Regulation Scale: Development and Initial Validation

A series of studies present the development and validation of the Communication Anxiety Regulation Scale (CARS), a self-report measure designed to assess the use of emotion regulation strategies to manage acute communication anxiety—in contrast to measures of general emotion regulation tendencies. Study 1 delineates the item derivation and selection process that yielded the final 12 CARS items. Results of an exploratory factor analysis supported the existence of four distinct subscales, each representing one of four anxiety regulation strategies (suppression, reappraisal, avoidance, and venting). Study 2 confirmed this factor structure and also examined correlations of the CARS with existing measures in an attempt to establish concurrent validity. Finally, Study 3 presents results of an item-sort task demonstrating the scale’s face validity and items’ substantive validity. Overall, findings provide preliminary support for the utility of the CARS as measure of communication anxiety regulation to be used by communication and psychology researchers.