新时代下学术期刊功能的转变:构建新型智库期刊

在新时代背景下,学术期刊作为智库研究成果的传播平台,应该加快转变自身的功能定位,并逐步探索建设智库期刊的成长之路.本文在分析新型智库特点的基础上,结合学术期刊在知识引领方面的严谨性、科学性、专业性和权威性,引入智库期刊的概念.为顺应新时代发展的要求,学术期刊不仅要发挥学术传播、交流、评价和引领的作用,更要实现服务于智库发展的功能.通过开设智库专栏、提高选题系统性、承接国家研究项目、加强期刊与期刊以及期刊与智库间的交流合作等方法,学术期刊可以逐步实现服务于智库建设的功能.     

A new approach to explore the knowledge transition path in the evolution of science & technology: From the biology of restriction enzymes to their application in biotechnology

In this contribution, we develop a new approach to explore the process of knowledge transition from discovery-oriented science to technological fields, via applications-oriented research, including a mediator set. This trajectory is referred to as the D-A-T trajectory. It is shown how it can be constructed and measures are proposed to characterize the relational strength among different environments (discovery oriented research, applications-oriented research and patents) and the speed of evolution. Our approach is illustrated by a case study of three fundamental restriction enzymes articles. Among other results we found that 387 patents cited 124 of the 988 articles (a share of 12.55%) in the mediator set. Defining the non-patent references (NPR) transition rate as the number of citing patents divided by the number of articles in the mediator set yields a value 0.392. Our results suggest that the D-A-T path acts as a backbone and reveals important “invisible contributions” of an original scientific work during its evolution from discovery oriented research to outside academia. Our contribution provides a useful tool for bridging the existing gap in detecting the transition of knowledge between science and technology.     

Four pitfalls in normalizing citation indicators: An investigation of ESI’s selection of highly cited papers

InCites Essential Science Indicators is becoming increasingly used to identify top-performing research and evaluate the impact of institutes. Unfortunately, our study shows that ESI indicators, as well as other normalized citation indicators, have the following flaws. First, the publication month and the online-to-print delay affect a paper’s probability of becoming a Highly Cited Paper (HCP). Papers published in the earlier months of the year are more likely to accumulate enough citation counts to rank at the top 1% compared with those published in later months of the year. Papers with longer online-to-print delays have an apparent advantage for being selected as HCPs. Research field normalizations lead to the third pitfall. Different research fields have different citation thresholds for HCPs, making research field classification important for a journal. In addition, the uniform thresholds for both articles and reviews in ESI affect the reliability of HCP selection because, on average, reviews tend to have higher citation rates than articles. ESI’s selection of HCPs provides an intuitive feel for the problems of normalized citation impact indicators, such as those provided in InCites and SciVal.     

活用陶行知教育思想,让英语课堂更高效

在不断探索和实践新课改的理念中,提高英语课堂教学的有效性主要通过以下几个途径:认真备课作基础、激情导入开好头、合作学习同进步、师生融洽效率高、激活思维巧提问、及时表扬多激励。     

如何在声乐教学中培养学生的学习兴趣

声乐是一门综合艺术,学习者要有坚忍不拔的毅力,持之以恒的精神才能获得美妙的声音。所以激发学生的学习兴趣就成为非常重要的环节,生动的语言、明确的学习目标、良好的师生情感、良好的歌唱心理素质、丰富细腻的情感体验都是提高学习兴趣的有效途径。     

The Metamorphosis of Industrial Designers from Novices to Experts

Professional training for designers is crucial in the field of design studies. The characteristics of novices versus those of expert designers have been identified in the literature; however, studies exploring the issue of professional training processes in the actual workplace are not well developed. Our study addresses the topic by using qualitative research methods along with flexible design. Collected data from the interviewees with different work experience were analysed by open, axial and selective coding. Herein, we argue that the processes by which a designer transforms from a novice into an expert in the industry are constructed through the interaction of several complicated factors. The re‐learning inherent in design professions is implemented through knowledge transfer gained from participation in design projects, particularly regarding tacit knowledge. Also, the novice's process of learning and training yields the characteristics and skills that companies and firms require of designers; this process involves a series of disciplinary sub‐processes, from destructive to reconstructive, implemented by employers. In these sub‐processes, the subjectivity of designers is neglected, leading to the suppression of imaginative expression and feelings of alienation among these workers.     

Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant

The Newtonian gravitational constant G, which is one of the most important fundamental physical constants in nature, plays a significant role in the fields of theoretical physics, geophysics, astrophysics and astronomy. Although G was the first physical constant to be introduced in the history of science, it is considered to be one of the most difficult to measure accurately so far. Over the past two decades, eleven precision measurements of the gravitational constant have been performed, and the latest recommended value for G published by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) is (6.674 08 ± 0.000 31) × 10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻² with a relative uncertainty of 47 parts per million. This uncertainty is the smallest compared with previous CODATA recommended values of G; however, it remains a relatively large uncertainty among other fundamental physical constants. In this paper we briefly review the history of the G measurement, and introduce eleven values of G adopted in CODATA 2014 after 2000 and our latest two values published in 2018 using two independent methods.     

新产品销售收入回归曲线与产品生命周期曲线关系模型——以河南省大中型工业企业为例

本文,我们对河南省1999-2010年大中型企业新产品销售收入进行回归分析,结果表明,统计数据与三次曲线拟合非常好,描述出河南省新产品销售收入每年增长速度由小到大的变化规律。我们还根据统计年限的规定,探讨了一种简化的数学模型,将产品生命周期曲线一部分包含在三次曲线中。     

日汉语题述句陈述方式的一般对应规律——以除“は”提示句以外的题述句为研究对象

日语当中的题述句,指的是由主题部和叙述部构成的句子结构,含有这种结构的句子叫做题述句。汉语从语用学角度也提出了主述结构这一类似日语题述句的句子类型。除了"は"提示句以外,还有很多其他的提示方式构成题述句,本文从陈述方式角度出发主要对比研究日汉题述句的当中除"は"提示句以外的题述句的句子构造。     

洋务运动时期的外国语学堂与世界意识的开启

洋务运动时期的外国语学堂是西学传入中国的重要桥梁,开启了晚清中国人的世界意识。本文以翔实的史料为基础,系统梳理与归纳了官办外国语学堂在人才培养目标多元化、生源扩大、教师聘任和培养等方面的特点,历史性地呈现了中国近代外语教育从保守走向开放的进程;同时,教学过程中"中体西用"观的指导原则、西学课程的比重配置、翻译实践的优先推行,体现了本土意识和世界意识间彼进我退的复杂关系,对当下中国外语教学目标的设置与实现有一定的借鉴作用。