Briging it all back home: some implications of recent science and technology studies for the classroom science teacher

In this paper, we support the validity of drawing from science studies to reshape science education. While true educational reform must involve alternative curricular structures, we stress that we do not propose here either a comprehensive curricular framework or a report on a pilot classroom project, as our research perspective comes from science studies rather than from education. Instead this paper is intended to encourage educators to draw from methodologies used in science studies to further their goals in education research and in classroom teaching. First, we examine theoretical connections and divergences between science studies and theories of education. Secondly, we discuss the benefits of teaching science as a social process and offer some suggestions that can be introduced by classroom teachers into pre-existing science curricula.     

Educational services for the mentally retarded in developing countries

(1) A consideration of educational services for the mentally retarded in developing countries should take place within the context of existing educational systems and the problems of educational growth. (2) Para-medical teams/primary health care workers can assist in the identification of handicapped persons. (3) Teachers should be helped to develop basic assessment procedures. (4) Much more importance should be attached to the role of voluntary agencies. (5) Governments should consider the integration of the mildly and moderately retarded and the provision of a special education element in teacher training courses. (6) Many problems confront the Community Rehabilitation Programmes which are being promoted by the WHO.     

Validity of anthropometric estimations of body composition in high school wrestlers

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of 23 anthropometric equations for estimating body composition and minimal wrestling weight in high school wrestlers. A total of 409 high school wrestlers (M age +/- SD = 16.42 +/- 1.03 yrs) volunteered for this study. Twenty-three anthropometric measures including eight skinfolds, nine circumferences, and six diameters were obtained from each subject. The mean body density, determined from underwater weighing, was 1.0748 +/- 0.0100 g.cm-3. The crossvalidation analyses indicated that the quadratic skinfold equation of Lohman resulted in the most accurate estimation of body density. The total error, constant error, standard error of estimate, and r for this equation were 0.0077 g.cm-3, -0.0003 g.cm-3, 0.0076 g.cm-3 and .65, respectively. Furthermore, the results of this investigation indicated that the minimal wrestling weight equations of Tcheng and Tipton resulted in total error values (5.54 to 6.06 kg) which were too large to be of practical use for high school wrestlers.     

Age 70 retirement for faculty: An institutional approach

Postponed faculty retirements, combined with declining student enrollments and persistent inflation, are causing increasing concern in higher education. The 1978 Amendments to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act establish the mandatory retirement age at 70, but exempt tenured faculty from this provision until 1982. The legislation focuses attention on the retirement aspect of the problem, and researchers are busy analyzing the issue to help the industry plan for the impact of the new law.Most analysts approach the task from the aggregate perspective, and apply industry norms to individual institutions. The variations among institutions undermines the validity of this approach. This article demonstrates the problems of the aggregate analysis, and offers an alternative for individual institutions.