军民融合创新研究综述与展望

坚定不移地走军民融合创新之路，在更广范围、更高层次、更深程度上把国防科技创新体系纳入国家创新体系之中，不仅是新时代中国特色社会主义发展之战略考量，更是科技发展自身之客观规律的重要体现。以2003-2019年间中国知网军民融合创新相关核心文献为研究样本，绘制该研究领域知识图谱，探究发现：目前核心研究力量主要集中在国防特色高校和军事院校，机构之间缺乏密切的合作与交流，尚未形成成熟的研究网络；现有研究依然以情报分析为主，统计分析、前沿面分析以及系统分析方法应用较少；研究热点逐步体现出更加微观和具体的特点。未来该领域研究应坚持以习近平军民融合发展战略思想为指导，站在国际国内的战略高度，不断扩充研究领域与参与机构，强化研究网络合作的广度和深度；立足于中国特色的管理实践，加强案例研究，完善高质量企业层面数据平台的建立，丰富多维度、多领域、多学科交叉研究方法的使用，深化科技发展内在规律等微观机理层面的研究，进一步完善军民融合创新科技平台的建设，为基于军民一体化的国家科技计划提供有效的智库支持。     

基于信息贡献率的评价指标筛选与赋权方法

针对现有因子分析及相关分析两种方法在指标筛选与赋权方面有待完善之处,提出一种基于信息贡献率的评价指标筛选与赋权方法。该方法首先利用因子方差贡献率和因子载荷构建评价指标的信息贡献率,以此反映该指标解释原始指标集全部信息的比例,然后在现有相关分析法中引入病态指数测度指标集的信息重叠水平,进而实现评价指标的系统筛选与赋权。本研究认为评价指标的信息贡献率越大,其解释原始指标集信息的比例越大,因此该指标越应予以保留,其权重亦应越大。此外,研究亦发现因子分析法易误删信息解释能力强的指标,相关分析法筛选指标易不充分,而本文方法解决了这些问题。     

Induction of diabetes by Streptozotocin in rats

The objective of this study is to induce experimental diabetes mellitus by Streptozotocin in normal adult Wistar rats via comparison of changes in body weight, consumption of food and water, volume of urine and levels of glucose, insulin and C-peptide in serum, between normal and diabetic rats. Intra-venous injection of 60mg/kg dose of Streptozotocin in adult wistar rats, makes pancreas swell and at last causes degeneration in Langerhans islet beta cells and induces experimental diabetes mellitus in the 2–4 days. Induction of experimental diabetes mellitus is indeed the first step in the plan of purification of pancreatic Langerhans islet cells of normal rats for transplanting under the testis subcutaneous of experimentally induced diabetic rats. Streptozotocin induces one type of diabetes which is similar to diabetes mellitus with non-ketosis hyperglycemia in some animal species. For induction of experimental diabetes in male adult rats weighted 250–300 grams (75–90 days), 60mg/kg of Streptozotocin was injected intravenously. Three days after degeneration of beta cells, diabetes was induced in all animals. The diabetic and normal animals were kept in the metabolic cages separately and their body weight, consumption of food and water, urine volume, the levels of serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide quantities in all animals were measured and then these quantities were compared. For a microscopic study of degeneration of Langerhans islet beta cells of diabetic rats, sampling from pancreas tissue of diabetic and normal rats, staining and comparison between them, were done. Induction of diabetes with Streptozotocin decreases Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in pancreas islet beta cells and causes histopathological effects in beta cells which probably intermediates induction of diabetes. In this study, we used Streptozotocin for our experiments in induction of experimental diabetes mellitus. After Induction of diabetes, consumption of food and water, volume of urine and glucose increased in the diabetic animals in comparison with normal animals, but the weight of body and the volume of insulin and C-peptide decreased in the diabetic animals. Sampling and staining of pancreas tissue of diabetic and normal rats showed that the Langerhans islet beta cells of diabetic rats have been clearly degenerated. In three days, Streptozotocin makes pancreas swell and at last causes degeneration in Langerhans islet beta cells and induces experimental diabetes. It also changes normal metabolism in diabetic rats in comparison with normal rats. Consumption of water and food, volume of urine, serum glucose increases in diabetic animals in comparison with normal rats but the levels of serum insulin, C-peptide and body weight decreases.     

论元极医学的医学模式

当今医学模式分为生物医学、生物－心理－社会医学、祖国传统中医药模式等。元极医学是在祖国传统中医药的基础上,吸取现代西方医学精华,以元极学独有的理论为指导,经实践检验而形成的一门新生的医学模式;它以西医、中医的理论为基础,又有自己独有的优势。元极医学模式的特点：对发病机理的认识,是从大自然对人体、社会环境的影响及人体自身的影响出发;其治疗疾病的基本物质是先天三元能量,治疗疾病的本质是从气化宇宙、光显     

土壤重金属测定中不同消解方法的对比研究

分别用电热板法、密闭容器法和干灰化法对土壤样品进行预处理,然后用原子吸收分光光度法测定其中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr的含量,检测结果表明,密闭容器消解法效果优于其他两种,具有消解完全、挥发损失少、污染少和结果准确等优点.     

How Does the Degree of Guidance Support Students’ Metacognitive and Problem Solving Skills in Educational Robotics?

Educational robotics (ER) is an innovative learning tool that offers students opportunities to develop higher-order thinking skills. This study investigates the development of students’ metacognitive (MC) and problem-solving (PS) skills in the context of ER activities, implementing different modes of guidance in two student groups (11–12 years old, N1 = 30, and 15-16 years old, N2 = 22). The students of each age group were involved in an 18-h group-based activity after being randomly distributed in two conditions: “minimal” (with minimal MC and PS guidance) and “strong” (with strong MC and PS guidance). Evaluations were based on the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory measuring students’ metacognitive awareness and on a think-aloud protocol asking students to describe the process they would follow to solve a certain robot-programming task. The results suggest that (a) strong guidance in solving problems can have a positive impact on students’ MC and PS skills and (b) students reach eventually the same level of MC and PS skills development independently of their age and gender.     

To see or not to see: analyzing difficulties in geometry from the perspective of visual perception

In this paper, we consider theories about processes of visual perception and perception-based knowledge representation (VPR) in order to explain difficulties encountered in figural processing in junior high school geometry tasks. In order to analyze such difficulties, we take advantage of the following perspectives of VPR: (1) Perceptual organization: Gestalt principles, (2) recognition: bottom-up and top-down processing; and (3) representation of perception-based knowledge: verbal vs. pictorial representation, mental images and hierarchical structure of images. Examples given in the paper were mostly taken from Gal's study (2005) which aimed at identifying and analyzing Problematic Learning Situations (after Gal & Linchevski, 2000) in junior high school geometry classes. Gal's study (2005) suggests that while this theoretical perspective became part of teachers' pedagogic content knowledge, the teachers were aware of their students' thinking processes and their ability to analyze and cope with their students’ difficulties in geometry was improved.     

产品方案评价指标体系中定量指标的性能评价方法

针对在产品方案评价指标体系中对于定量指标性能评价存在的不足,提出了改进的信息含量的定量指标性能评价方法,该方法得到的评价值与顾客对方案评价值的期望紧密相关,体现了顾客需求驱动的特点。文中还以工业高速平缝机为实例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

钱谦益女性墓志铭的特点及其文化意义

本文考察钱谦益的女性墓志铭，从中分析其夫妻观、女性观以及表现方法上的某些特点，并据以探究其背后蕴藏的文化意义。钱谦益钟情于挚友性质的夫妻关系，反映出晚明文人渴求精神生活的舒畅，并且向往日常生活中无拘无束、和谐美满的身心自由。钱谦益弘扬女性的阳刚之气，鼓吹女胜于男的观点，则体现了他的政治焦虑和反思意识。钱谦益的自我抒情和借题发挥，以及顽固的尚古思想，使得他的女性墓志铭在颇具文学色彩的同时，又有难以避免的矛盾和弊端。     

当代科技查新工作业务拓展新探索

本文针对高校科技查新工作的特点,提出科技查新工作应该积极拓展业务范围,充分发挥科技查新人才优势。主要从学科馆员工作、定题服务、文献教学、科研工作等方面,对高校科技查新工作的扩展延伸方向进行了新的探索。