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941.
Emphasis on improving higher level biology education continues. A new two-step approach to the experimental phases within
an outreach gene technology lab, derived from cognitive load theory, is presented. We compared our approach using a quasi-experimental
design with the conventional one-step mode. The difference consisted of additional focused discussions combined with students
writing down their ideas (step one) prior to starting any experimental procedure (step two). We monitored students’ activities
during the experimental phases by continuously videotaping 20 work groups within each approach (N = 131). Subsequent classification of students’ activities yielded 10 categories (with well-fitting intra- and inter-observer
scores with respect to reliability). Based on the students’ individual time budgets, we evaluated students’ roles during experimentation
from their prevalent activities (by independently using two cluster analysis methods). Independently of the approach, two
common clusters emerged, which we labeled as ‘all-rounders’ and as ‘passive students’, and two clusters specific to each approach:
‘observers’ as well as ‘high-experimenters’ were identified only within the one-step approach whereas under the two-step conditions
‘managers’ and ‘scribes’ were identified. Potential changes in group-leadership style during experimentation are discussed,
and conclusions for optimizing science teaching are drawn. 相似文献
942.
Andreina Bruno Laura Galuppo Silvia Gilardi 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2011,26(4):527-543
Reflexivity is a primary requirement for professional work. Our aim was to describe a methodology suitable for detecting the
development of reflexive practice through the analysis of 59 Master’s degree students’ journals. We explore the use and changes
of reflexive practice in relation to the settings and activities of the course using analysis of the mental language: We analyse
how the reflexive practice is characterized, how it evolves through time and how it can be promoted. Data analysis shows that
reflexivity is not monodimensional but multidimensional. Reflexive practice increases during the course: The different dimensions
vary over time according to different organizational and educational conditions. This methodology allows us to formulate new
hypotheses about which elements of the setting and process are effective in supporting participants’ reflexive practice. 相似文献
943.
Jaap Schuitema Carla van Boxtel Wiel Veugelers Geert ten Dam 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2011,26(1):85-107
This study investigates the relationship between the quality of student dialogue and students’ ability to justify their viewpoints
on a moral issue. A curriculum unit for dialogic citizenship education was developed and implemented in the 8th grade of secondary
education. In the final lesson, students discussed a moral issue and then wrote an essay on it. The results show that students
who made more value-related utterances during the discussion also referred more often and more explicitly in their individually
written essays to moral values. This study indicates that the quality of the content of students’ dialogue is important for
their ability to substantiate their opinion on moral issues with value-laden argumentation. Approaches to citizenship education
in which dialogue is a central element should, therefore, pay specific attention to the validation of ideas in student dialogue. 相似文献
944.
945.
Thomas F. Nelson Laird 《Research in higher education》2011,52(6):572-588
Most studies of curricular diversity have focused on the effects of participation in diversity courses on student outcomes.
Though the results have been positive, these studies have used limited measures of curricular diversity and there is a great
need for a complimentary body of research demonstrating what faculty and what types of courses are more likely to include
diversity. This study relies on 12 diversity inclusivity items derived from a comprehensive model of how diversity is included
into a course to investigate how much diversity is being included in collegiate courses and what predicts diversity inclusivity,
as measured by two scales: diverse grounding and inclusive learning. The results, based on 7,101 responses from faculty participating
in the 2007 Faculty Survey of Student Engagement, suggest that most faculty are including diversity in their courses in some
way, but that women and faculty of color tend to include diversity to a greater extent than their colleagues. Also, courses
taught in the soft fields are more likely to be inclusive of diversity. 相似文献
946.
947.
Kitae Sohn 《The Urban Review》2011,43(2):217-234
The hypothesis of acting White has been heatedly debated and influential over the last 20 years or so in explaining the Black–White
test score gap. Recently, economists have joined the debate and started providing new theoretical and empirical analyses of
the phenomenon. This paper critically reviews the arguments that have been advanced to support and refute the hypothesis.
This review particularly covers the analyses in economics because the economic analyses are relatively new and usually neglected
in other disciplines. Also, nationally representative data are emphasized, whenever possible, to improve the generalizability
of the arguments. This review concludes that although the analyses in both non-economics and economics are thought-provoking
and compelling in some respect, a substantial body of empirical evidence is inconsistent with the assumptions of and results
from the analyses. 相似文献
948.
Margaret Mackey 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2011,42(3):181-183
949.
950.
Pascual Marqués-Bruna 《Sports Engineering》2011,13(4):195-204
This study examined aerodynamic properties and boundary layer stability in five cambered airfoils operating at the low Reynolds
numbers encountered in motor racing. Numerical modelling was carried out in the flow regime characterised by Reynolds numbers
0.82–1.29 × 106. The design Reynolds number of 3 × 106 was used as a reference. Aerodynamics variables were computed using AeroFoil 2.2 software, which uses the vortex panel method
and integral boundary layer equations. Validation of AeroFoil 2.2 software showed very good agreement between calculated aerodynamic
coefficients and wind tunnel experimental data. Drag polars, lift/drag ratio, pitching moment coefficient, chordwise distributions
(surface velocity ratio, pressure coefficient and boundary layer thickness), stagnation point, and boundary layer transition
and separation were obtained at angles of attack from −4° to 12°. The NASA NLF(1)-0414F airfoil offers versatility for motor
racing with a wide low-drag bucket, low minimum profile drag, high lift/drag ratio, laminar flow up to 0.7 chord, rapid concave
pressure recovery, high resultant pressure coefficient and stall resistance at low Reynolds numbers. The findings have implications
for the design of race car wings. 相似文献