王国维、蔡元培美育思想之比较——兼论王国维、蔡元培的人文教育精神

在中国近代美育史上,王国维和蔡元培是两位最具影响力的人物。王国维在近代中国首倡美育,是近代中国美育理论的创始人。蔡元培率先实行美育,毕生提倡、亲身实践美育,普及美育理论,最终确立起美育的重要地位。王国维和蔡元培的美学观都以康德哲学为基础,同时他们的美育思想都闪耀着人文主义的光芒。但二者对美育的阐释又有很大的区别,对美育建立的具体作用也不尽相同。本文从比较研究的角度出发,从几个方面,尤其从文化人格和人文教育精神方面揭示二者在美育的建构中表现出的共同性和差异性。     

Optical computing

Researchers are using new conducting polymers to make transistor-like switches that are smaller and thousand times faster than the silicon transistors. Electricity-conducting organic molecules that are much thinner than semiconductor wires, are being teased into self-assembling. These advances promise super-tiny all-optical chips. In fact, progress in optical storage devices can now shrink an entire Library’s book collection down to sugar-cube size. Optical computers could be leaving silicon number crunchers choking in the dust by decade’s end.     

Why Universities Need Institutional Researchers and Institutional Researchers Need Faculty Members More Than Both Realize

This paper provides an overview of research that I have conducted during my career using data sets collected by offices of institutional research. Many of the examples discussed in the paper deal with graduate education. The paper illustrates how valuable the data collection efforts by these offices are to academic researchers interested in helping to formulate institutional, state and national higher education policies. It concludes with suggestions for how the usefulness of institutional researchers to colleges and universities can be improved and stresses that institutional researchers and administrators would be wise to involve more faculty members in research that aids in institutional decision making and the formulation of public policy towards higher education.     

关于反腐败斗争的几点思考

腐败的表现是多方面的。主要表现在经济活动、组织人事、执纪执法、生活作风、结交朋友、亲属管理等方面。产生腐败的原因是复杂的 ,主要有攀比心理、侥幸心理、从众心理、拜金心理。我们应采取加强教育、依靠法制、搞好监督等措施 ,将反腐败斗争进行到底。     

The effects of formal learning and informal learning on job performance: the mediating role of the value of learning at work

Although research has widely recognized the relationships between formal and informal learning and job performance, empirical studies have not paid sufficient attention to these relationships. In addition, there is little understanding how individual perceptions toward learning influence the relationships between the aforementioned two types of learning and job performance. In the present study, it was proposed that formal and informal learning can influence job performance. Moreover, in the relationships between formal and informal learning and job performance, the value of learning at work was considered as a mediator. With a sample of employees from small and medium-sized enterprises in South Korea, the research showed that formal and informal learning influences job performance through the value of learning at work. Based on the results of the study, several implications were discussed.     

Anxiolytic-like effect of ejaculation upon frustration

In three experiments, we studied the consequences of ejaculation upon the frustrative or contrast response of male rats exposed to reward downshift situations (i.e., surprising changes from 32% to 4% sucrose solutions). Similar to what has been found after treatment with anxiolytic agents, consummatory suppression was partially reversed by previous ejaculations in a second postshift trial (Experiments 2 and 3), such a result not having been obtained in a first postshift trial (Experiment 1). Moreover, the effect of ejaculations upon males' behavior during a second postshift trial was transitory, disappearing when assessed during the third and fourth postshift trials (Experiment 3). These results are in accordance with both Amsel's (1958, 1992) frustration theory and Flaherty's (1996) multistage hypothesis of successive negative contrast; the diverse factors that are known to modulate contrast effects are considered, including an interpretation of the present data in terms of the anxiolytic-like effect of the ejaculation.     

The content and form of reader-generated questions: implications for teaching questioning strategies

Two classes in Developmental Reading were trained in question-formulation and were then required to ask any number and type of questions based on four texts. Three inter-raters coded the questions for their content and form. The results of the study showed the dominance of recognition or retrieval questions, suggesting the students’ proficiency in reading for details and conversely, a deficiency in critical reading. In terms of form, although 57% of the questions were coherent and grammatical, this fact alone may not indicate a high English Language proficiency. There were also many instances of the direct copying of phrases from the original text, pointing to the students’ lack of confidence or ability in summarizing and paraphrasing.     

何谓与何为——关于北京师范大学转型的初步研究

“十五”期间北京师范大学的战略任务是“实现向以教师教育、教育科学和文理基础学科为主要特色的综合性研究型大学的历史转型”。在教师教育方面,转型的主要任务是将教师培养的重心上移至“学士后”教师教育,并真正实现教师教育与各本科专业教育的“剥离”或教师教育的“教育学院化”。在人才培养上,应当确立“精品本科”的教育理念并形成研究生培养为主的办学格局,高度重视本科和研究生教育质量的提高。为了顺利实现历史转型,学校还必须高度重视学科发展和队伍建设的统一规划,大力推进学校内部管理体制的改革。