Adapting Science and Technology Education to a Changing Society and to the Diversity of Needs of Arab States

Summaries

English

Science is being increasingly considered as a social activity that must be harnessed to serve human needs. In many developing countries, science and technology education tend to replicate practices in advanced countries. The challenges of responding adequately to the solution of the problems of society and of meeting the different needs of a country or a region have not been realized. The accelerated social and technological changes that are taking place in many Arab states intensify the variety of problems that have been cited. The guidelines suggested towards adapting education to the state's needs and towards overcoming the problems include: emphasizing the development of intellectual and occupational skills which are significant, retainable, and transferable to everyday life; developing respect for manual skills; revising curricula to introduce topics relevant to society; and making efforts towards developing the home environment and the community.     

The National Accreditation System for Higher Education Institutions in Russia

The national accreditation system for higher education institutions in the Russian Federation is presented. The procedure for the integrated assessment of university activities, which is provided by the Ministry of Education, is described. The article examines licensing and attestation requirements and the procedure for achieving state accreditation. The requirements for gaining public professional accreditation are examined, as well as the tasks of the Russian Association for Engineering Education in this field. The experience of Tomsk Polytechnic University in developing an internal attestation system and quality assurance for its educational process is discussed, as well as the involvement of the institution in international co-operation.     

Ethnic and Racial Identity During Adolescence and Into Young Adulthood: An Integrated Conceptualization

Although ethnic and racial identity (ERI) are central to the normative development of youth of color, there have been few efforts to bring scholars together to discuss the theoretical complexities of these constructs and provide a synthesis of existing work. The Ethnic and Racial Identity in the 21st Century Study Group was assembled for this purpose. This article provides an overview of the interface of ERI with developmental and contextual issues across development, with an emphasis on adolescence and young adulthood. It proposes a metaconstruct to capture experiences that reflect both individuals’ ethnic background and their racialized experiences in a specific sociohistorical context. Finally, it presents milestones in the development of ERI across developmental periods.     

从《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》看西方流浪汉小说之特色

《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是19-20世纪西方流浪汉小说的典范之作,这部小说既突出体现了西方传统流浪汉小说的艺术特征,又具有鲜明的时代印记,丰富、深化了流浪汉小说的思想内涵,对后世欧美文学产生了广泛而深刻的影响。     

Effects of Client Race‐Ethnicity on Perceptions of Counselor Trainees: Study 1 and Study 2

The authors investigated the impact that racial stereotypes have on counselor trainees' perceptions of the attributes and behaviors of ethnically diverse male clients. Two studies were conducted in which participants were counselor trainees (Study 1, N = 58; Study 2, N = 75) who received a case study in which a male student sought counseling for problems affecting his school work. No differences were revealed in Study 1. In Study 2, counselor perceptions of client attributes differed across client race–ethnicity. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for training counselors, particularly regarding multicultural courses and workshops.     

The family and the reproduction of the population

"The causes for the lowering of the birthrate below the necessary level for a simple reproduction of society [in the USSR are] sought within the family itself and in the conditions surrounding its existence....The present demographic situation requires the elaboration of a whole program for the development of marital and family relationships and the optimization of population reproduction processes....[Such a program] must encompass the issues of preparing youth for family life, the prestige of the family and its economic status, the optimal distribution of functions among individuals in the family and in society,....[and] the equalization of per capita income levels between one-child and large families...."