Towards open development: Leveraging open data to improve the planning and coordination of international aid

The purpose of this article is to examine how aid agencies are strategically leveraging open data to improve the effectiveness of aid. Recognizing the vital role of information in international development, aid agencies have eagerly begun to adopt the tools of Open Government within the context of development (i.e. “Open Development”). Examining this trend, the author finds much scope for open data to support the development community's commitment to improving the effectiveness of aid by adopting a more systematic, coherent, and strategic approach to aid delivery (known as the “aid effectiveness” agenda). An investigation of the current state of the art finds that open data has made significant contributions towards realizing this more integrated vision of aid delivery, but that much of open data's potential remains unexplored. In particular, the use of open data is still largely focused on supporting after-the-fact reporting functions, overlooking its potential to enable integrated strategic planning and improved coordination across the full spectrum of development actors.     

School reform and opportunity throughout the lifecourse: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

The long-term effects of secondary-school reforms in the first half of the 20th century are investigated through the long-term follow up of a sample of people born in Scotland in 1936 who were first surveyed in 1947. Members of the sample who were living in the Lothian region of Scotland were re-interviewed in 2004–2007, providing information about their occupational status and educational achievement. The occupational status and educational attainment of respondents’ parents were collected in the follow up, as was information about school attended by respondents. Respondents completed the same intelligence test as they sat in 1947. The main research question is whether attempts by policy makers in the early 20th century to widen access to secondary schooling had long-term effects on the social distribution of educational and occupational opportunities.     

Problem solvers or provocateurs? How elementary school principals respond to tensions in schoolbased development

As elementary school principals increase efforts to stimulate school‐based development, they face complex and often conflicting choices about ways to make decisions, strategies to support teacher development, and approaches that foster a constructive working environment. This paper examines how forty‐six elementary principals respond to tensions in an inservice program designed to facilitate their leadership development through participation in school improvement projects. Most view tensions as problems to solve [as comptrollers, accommodators, or processors]; a few live as provocateurs and construe tensions as dilemmas to manage. The effectiveness of school‐based development depends on the capacity of principals, in concert with their teachers, to understand and consistently cope with tensions that emerge as they try to improve their individual and collectives practices.     

An Exploratory Examination of a Grant-making Project in Social Work Education

Educators secure funding for MSW students to become a grant-making entity and provide monies to address local needs. An exploratory research design is used to obtain quantitative and qualitative data from students participating in the course-based project. Feedback suggests that students perceived increased abilities in the area of community needs assessments, grant writing, grant making, fund raising, public relations, and professional interest in efforts to secure monies. The merits and challenges of implementing a course-based grant-making and philanthropic project in the social work education are examined.     

The Existential Learner

We are all smart in different ways. Through the theory of multiple intelligences, Howard Gardner has been one of the leaders in cataloging HOW people are smart as opposed to how smart they ARE. The ability to see “the big picture” and make connections between similar and dissimilar concepts has been considered for inclusion in the multiple intelligences under the name “existential.” The author outlines characteristics of existential learners, the arguments for and against the inclusion of existential as a multiple intelligence, and classroom strategies that will help an existential learner succeed.     

Testing the Intercultural Model of Ethical Decision Making With Counselor Trainees

A training intervention using the Intercultural Model of Ethical Decision Making was tested with a sample of 48 counselor trainees enrolled in 3 counseling courses across 2 universities. Postintervention data indicated students' scores increased significantly on 5 of 6 evaluation criteria as well as on the overall total score. Although pretest scores were significantly different between students who had taken a multicultural course and those who had not, there was no posttest difference. Implications and suggestions for future training and research are discussed.     

Student Reactions to College Grade Contracts

Policies and Practices in Higher Education by Algo D. Henderson. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1960. 338 pp. $5.75.

Education: American Education by Chris A. De Young and Richard Wynn. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1960. 441 pp. $6.50.

Dialogues on the Teaching of Literature by Bertrand Evans and James J. Lynch. New York: Bookman Associates, 1960. 306 pp. $5.00.

Elementary School Curriculum by Marshall C. Jameson and Wm. Vernon Hicks. New York: American Book Company, 1960. 415 pp. $6.00.

How to Tell the School Story by Leslie W. Kindred and Associates. New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1960. 500 pp. $9.00

Music Education in Action by Archie N. Jones. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc. 1960. 575 pp. $7.25.

Patterns of Professional Education, by William J. McGlothlin. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1960. 228 pp. $6.75.

Procedures and Preparation for Counseling by William C. Cottle and N. M. Downie. Prentice Hall, Inc. 1960. 321 pp. $6.00.

Prologue to Teaching by Marjorie B. Smiley and John S. Diekhoff. New York: Oxford University Press, 1959. 590 pp. $5.75.

Psychology in Teaching and Learning by William Clark Trow. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1960. 488 pp. $5.75.

Teaching Primary Reading by Edward William Dolch. Champaign, Illinois: The Garrard Press, 1960. 425 pp. $4.50.

The General Education Class in the Secondary School by Louise E. Hock and Thomas J. Hill. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1960. 232 pp. $4.00.

The Student Teacher in the Elementary School, Second Edition, by John N. Michaelis and Enoch Dumas. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1960. 388 pp. $6.00.

The Teaching of Reading by John J. DeBoer &; Martha Dalman. New York: Henry Holt &; Co., 1960. 359 pp. $5.00.

The Third Curriculum by Robert W. Frederick. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, Inc. 1959. 454 pp. $5.75.

Universities: Commonwealth and American by Oliver C. Carmichael. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1959. 342 pp. $6.00.

Social Studies: Social Problems in Our Time by S. Kirson Weinberg. Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1960. $6.75.     

A Subjectivist Model of School Leadership for International Schools: Greenfield Revisited

Greenfield’s subjectivist approach to the construction and interpretation of social reality is examined and applied to school organizations in an attempt to demonstrate that such organizations may be advantageously viewed as entities constructed and sustained by ideas in people’s minds. The path to understanding schools and their administration lies with the interpretation and analysis of the experience of people in these institutions rather than in the use of overarching theories of educational management. International schools have always provided education for the ever-increasing flux of people across frontiers, either temporarily because of job postings (globally mobile families) or more permanently because of migration. The high degree of cultural diversity in these schools augments the complexity of leadership because staff, students, and parents bring their own cultural heritage, experience, and expectations to bear, together, in a single school setting. This also increasingly applies in government schools in many countries because of migration. Ethnic cultural repertoires play a major role in the creation, deciphering, and juxtaposition of individual social realities and have an important bearing on organization culture. The article concludes with the importance of communicative and cultural competencies as the main tools for effective school leadership in international schools.     

Understanding aspirations and expectations of international students in Australian higher education

The aspirations and expectations of the growing international student cohort in Australia are implicitly incorporated into recruitment and internationalization strategies but have received little academic analysis. To address this gap in the literature, this paper develops a conceptual model built upon earlier research by Tim Mazzarol and Geoffrey Soutar, which focuses on the push and pull factors relating to home country and country of destination, respectively, in relation to students' decisions to seek international study. Focusing predominantly on Chinese and Indian students, we conceptualise, extend and place the push and pull factors within a social psychological framework in relation to students' aspirations and expectations of international education, indicating factors that can be influenced by higher education (HE) institutions and their programmes, and those which cannot. We then interrogate the model and its applicability in Australian HE through the case study of an Indian international Study Tour conducted in our Australian HE institution in 2009. In the present context of decreased international student enrolments in Australia in 2010, where we seek to better understand our international students, the proposed model provides a basis for identifying international students' expectations and aspirations and developing prospective international relations.