社会转型视角下调适新疆民族关系的思考

研究新疆社会从传统社会向现代社会转型的状况,回答转型过程面临的种种问题,这些都涉及到社会转型时期构建和谐民族关系的根基。本文从当前新疆社会转型的特征出发,对社会转型对新疆民族关系的影响及调适新疆民族关系的基本原则进行了分析。     

Factors affecting Turkish students＇ achievement in mathematics

Following past researches, student background, learning strategies, self-related cognitions in mathematics and school climate variables were important for achievement. The purpose of this study was to identify a number of factors that represent the relationship among sets of interrelated variables using principal component factor analysis and examine the contribution of each factor to the explanation of the variance in the students＇ mathematics score using multiple regression analysis. The sample was prepared from students who participated in Programme for International Student Assessment （PISA） in Turkey. These data consisted of 3765 15 year-old Turkish students in 158 schools. The results showed that four factors under study totally accounted for approximately 34 percent of the variance in mathematics achievement. All of the factors had statistically significant effects on the achievement. The findings are very important for Turkish education system because the fact that changing school climate and improving the learning strategies are much easier to achieve than changing background factors affecting students＇ performance.     

Education for national identity: Arab schools principals and teachers dilemmas and coping strategies

Abstract

This article discusses strategies used by Arab principals and teachers in Israel to cope with dilemmas involved in education for national identity stemming from conflict between two national narratives. While the Israeli Ministry of Education expects the Arab education system to educate students according to the Jewish State’s values, Palestinian Arab society expects its schools to educate its children according to Palestinian Arab national-cultural values. A qualitative research employed a semi-structured interview to elicit views on this issue from 7 principals and 14 teachers in the Arab education system in Israel. The findings indicate a conflictual reality. Interviewees expressed fear, humiliation and affront when required to obey Ministry of Education instructions in contradiction to attitudes prevalent in their society. They therefore developed coping strategies to foster students’ national identity without disrupting the necessary balance; primarily the construction of a covert learning program through manipulations in the official overt learning program. This study contributes to our understanding of minority education in a reality of conflict between the state and its national minority.     

Availability of Education and Training for Medical Specialists about the Impact of Dementia on Comorbid Disease Management

Individuals with dementia carry an additional health burden of multiple comorbid conditions. Effectively assessing and treating these comorbid conditions requires the medical specialist to be aware of, understand, and manage the effects of dementia on their clinical subspecialty practice. This ecological study describes the dementia-related education available to medical specialists in Australia outside the domains of geriatrics, neurology, and psychiatry. The dementia-related content of specialist medical training curricula and dementia-related information published in high-impact medical journals between 2000–2012 was reviewed. Dementia-related education was found to be absent from the training curricula for 14 of the medical specialties within Australia. And less than 0.10% (1,921 articles) of the more than two million articles published in the 138 journals assessed were dementia related.     

Evaluation of genetic potential of the polyvoltine silkworm （Bombyx mori L.） germplasm and identification of parents for breeding programme

In the present study, polyvoltine germplasm stock ofAndhra Pradesh State Sericulture Research and Development, Institute （APSSRDI） was evaluated for its performance based on quantitative and qualitative traits. Twenty-one oval and 10 peanut cocoon shaped lines were reared in different seasons of the year. Since the polyvoltines are non-diapausing, six generations were reared and evaluated for various economically important traits based on evaluation index and sub-ordinate function statistical methods. Ten top ranked lines obtained by using both the methods were identified as potential parental strains. Among oval lines, APMI4, APMI 1, APMIS, APMW9, and APMI9, and among peanut lines APMD5, APMDI, APMD3, APMD9 and APMD8 were selected as base material. The identified high yielding lines will be used in various breeding programmes as initial parents for the synthesis of superior polyvoltine breeds/hybrids.     

Mixed-methods pre-match cooling improves simulated soccer performance in the heat

This investigation examined the effects of three pre-match and half-time cooling manoeuvres on physical performance and associated physiological and perceptual responses in eight University soccer players during a non-motorised treadmill based individualised soccer-specific simulation [intermittent soccer performance test (iSPT)] at 30°C. Four randomised experimental trials were completed; following 30-min (pre-match) and 15-min (half-time) cooling manoeuvres via (1) ice slurry ingestion (SLURRY); (2) ice-packs placed on the quadriceps and hamstrings (PACKS); (3) mixed-methods (MM; PACKS and SLURRY concurrently); or no-cooling (CON). In iSPT first half, a moderate increase in total (Mean?±?Standard Deviation: 108?±?57 m, qualitative inference: most likely, Cohen’s d: 0.87, 90%CL: ±0.31), high-speed (56?±?46 m, very likely, 0.68?±?0.38) and variable run (15?±?5 m, very likely, 0.81?±?0.47) distance covered was reported in MM compared with CON. Additionally, pre-match reductions in thermal sensation (–1.0?±?0.5, most likely, –0.91?±?0.36), rectal (–0.6?±?0.1°C, very likely, –0.86?±?0.35) and skin temperature (–1.1?±?0.3°C, very likely, –0.88?±?0.42) continued throughout iSPT first half. Physical performance during iSPT first half was unaltered in SLURRY and PACKS compared to CON. Rectal temperature was moderately increased in SLURRY at 45-min (0.2?±?0.1°C, very likely, 0.67?±?0.36). Condition did not influence any measure in iSPT second half compared to CON. Only MM pre-match cooling augmented physical performance during iSPT first half, likely due to peripheral and central thermoregulatory factors favourably influencing first half iSPT performance. Further practical half-time cooling manoeuvres which enhance second half performance are still required.     

The education of an industrial middle class in Arab-Islamic countries

The absence of an industrial middle class in Arab Islamic countries has been, and still is, a major obstacle to national development. These countries, like others in the Third World, mostly inherited their systems of industrial education from former colonial or mandated powers, that is, from industrial nations, without taking into consideration the different social and socio-economic situation. A model is proposed here for a kind of industrial university, the Djamiat Al-Sináh. The name alludes to the Mosque as a centre of common activity, and tries to express the cultural and social contexts, and the target groups, of the institution. The model relies on social and industrial evolution, and meets the urgent need of Arab societies for an alternative to Eurocentric models. In the Djamiat, a practice-oriented education is to be provided, based on principles of professional efficiency and creativity, competence and entrepreneurial initiative. The students are to become co-ordinators, organizers, technicians and industrial trainers as well as independent small businessmen. The model is understood as a contribution to the education of an industrial middle class and to the promotion of trade and industry.

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Zusammenfassung Das Fehlen einer industriellen Mittelschicht in den arabischislamischen Ländern war und ist ein Haupthindernis für die nationale Entwicklung. Diese Länder haben ebenso wie andere Dritte-Welt-Länder ihre Systeme industrieller Ausbildung von früheren Kolonialherren oder Mandatsländern übernommen, das heißt von den Industrieländern ohne Rücksicht auf die geänderte soziale und sozialökonomische Situation. Es wird hier ein Modell für eine industrielle Universität vorgeschlagen, die Djamiat Al-Sináh. Der Name deutet auf die Moschee als Zentrum allgemeiner Aktivitäten hin und versucht, die kulturellen und sozialen Zusammenhänge und die Zielgruppen der Institution auszudrücken. Das Modell basiert auf der sozialen und industriellen Evolution und erfüllt das dringende Bedürfnis arabischer Gesellschaftssysteme nach einer Alternative zu eurozentrischen Modellen. In der Djamiat soll eine praxisorientierte Bildung angeboten werden, die auf den Prinzipien professioneller Effizienz und Kreativität, Kompetenz und unternehmerischer Initiative basiert. Die Studenten sollen Berufe wie Koordinatoren, Organisatoren, Techniker und industrielle Ausbilder, sowie unabhängige Kleinunternehmer ergreifen. Das Modell wird als ein Beitrag zur Ausbildung einer industriellen Mittelschicht und zur Förderung von Handel und Industrie verstanden.

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Résumé L'absence d'une classe industrielle moyenne dans les pays arabes islamiques a été, et est toujours, un obstacle majeur au développement national. Ces pays, comme d'autres du Tiers Monde, ont pour la plupart hérité leurs systèmes d'éducation industrielle des anciennes puissances coloniales ou mandataires, c'est-à-dire des nations industrielles, sans qu'on ait pris en considération leur situation sociale et socio-économique différente. On propose ici un modèele d'université industrielle, appelé Djamiat Al-Sináh. Ce nom compare la mosquée à un centre d'activité commune et s'efforce d'exprimer les contextes culturels et sociaux, et les groupes-cibles, de l'institution. Ce modèle repose sur l'évolution sociale et industrielle, et répond au besoin urgent des sociétés arabes d'une solution de remplacement aux modèles centrés sur l'Europe. Au Djamiat, l'enseignement doit être orienté vers la pratique et se fonder sur les principes de l'efficacité professionnelle et de la créativite, de la compétence et du sens de l'entreprise. Les étudiants y sont formés pour devenir des coordinateurs, des organisateurs, des techniciens et des formateurs industriels ainsi que de petits hommes d'affaires indépendants. Ce modèle est considéré comme une contribution à la formation d'une classe industrielle moyenne et à la promotion du commerce et de l'industrie.

     

INTERNATIONAL CO‐OPERATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION: THE GLOBALIZATION OF UNIVERSITIES

This article begins by posing some fundamental questions about global co‐operation and why co‐operation among nations is necessary. Co‐operation in higher education can foster global understanding and bridge cultural gaps. What is therefore called for is the globalization of universities. For positive international co‐operation in education to occur, the following initiatives are required: global perspectives in the curriculum, foreign students as learning resources, the globalization of universities and colleges, and the disengagement of educational policy from foreign policy.