当今世界竞走技术的10个特征

运用运动生物力学和体育统计学的方法、对1995年国际田联/锐步世界杯竞走赛女子10km、男子20km和男子50km3个项目前8名运动员的技术进行了定量和定性分析研究,归纳出符合竞走规则新定义的当今世界竞走技术的10个特征。     

Educational perspectives for elderly migrants: A case of Soviet refugees

Modern human migration is characterized by a large number of elderly immigrants, who are coming to the United States from developing countries as refugees. The emigration from the Soviet Union during the last 20 years presents a unique phenomenon in modern human migration because of (1) the high percentage of the elderly, about 17%; (2) origination from urban areas and rather high level of education; (3) beliefs and attitudes developed under the Soviet political, economic and cultural system; (4) non-minority status in the United States; and (5) strong support from the American Jewish community. The greatest problem in adjustment of the elderly is English fluency, because language determines the utilization of health services and social support which they need and which are available from the agencies. Special education programs for these elderly with bilingual/bicultural instructors must be identified as one of the most important intervention approaches. There is another educational strategy for the immigrant population which must be promoted: training/retraining of bilingual/bicultural professionals in geriatrics. American professionals who deal with the elderly Soviets must also be educated about Soviet culture, system of social welfare, health practices and social behavior.

---

Zusammenfassung Moderne Völkerwanderungen sind von einer großen Anzahl älterer Immigranten geprägt, die als Flüchtlinge aus Entwicklungsländern in die Vereinigten Staaten kommen. Die Auswanderung aus der Sowjetunion in den letzten 20 Jahren stellt ein einzigartiges Phänomen in der modernen Völkerwanderung dar. Gründe dafür sind (1) der hohe Prozentsatz an älterer Bevölkerung, ungefähr 17%, (2) Herkunft aus Stadtgebieten und ein ziemlich hoher Bildungsstand, (3) unter dem sowjetischen politischen, ökonomischen und kulturellen System entwickelte Geisteshaltung und Glauben, (4) Nicht-Zugehörigkeit zu Minoritäten in den Vereinigten Staaten, (5) starke Unterstützung durch die amerikanische jüdische Gemeinde. Das größte Anpassungsproblem der Älteren ist die Beherrschung der englischen Sprache, da dies die Inanspruchname der Gesundheitsleistungen und sozialer Unterstützung bestimmt, die benötigt und von den Ämtern angeboten werden. Besondere Bildungsprogramme für Ältere mit zweisprachigen/bi-kulturellen Lehrern müssen als wichtigste Hilfsmaßnahme betrachtet werden. Es gibt eine andere förderungswürdige Komponente der Bildungsstragie für Immigranten: Fortbildungen/Umschulungen von zweisprachigen/bi-kulturellen Betreuern für ältere Menschen. Amerikanische Betreuer, die sich mit den älteren Sowjets befassen, müssen auch über die sowjetische Kultur, das Wohlfahrtssystem, Gesundheitspraktiken und soziales Verhalten unterrichtet sein.

---

Résumé La migration humaine se caractérise de nos jours par un grand nombre d'immigrants âgés, qui arrivent de pays en développement aux Etats-Unis en tant que réfugiés. Le mouvement d'émigration venant de l'Union soviétique durant les vingt dernières années présente un phénomène unique dans la migration humaine moderne en raison (1) du pourcentage élevé de personnes âgées, d'environ 17%, (2) de leur origine urbaine et de leur niveau d'instruction élevé, (3) des croyances et attitudes qu'elles ont acquises dans le système politique, économique et culturel soviétique, (4) de leur statut non minoritaire aux Etats-Unis et (5) du soutien puissant qui leur est apporté par la communauté juive américaine. Le plus grand problème d'adaptation de ces personnes âgées est la maîtrise de l'anglais, du fait que la langue détermine l'utilisation des services de santé et sociaux dont elles ont besoin et qui sont offerts par les agences. Les programmes d'éducation spéciaux destinés à ces personnes âgées, avec des instructeurs bilingues et biculturels, doivent être définis comme l'une des approches d'intervention les plus importantes. Il convient également de promouvoir une autre stratégie éducative pour la population immigrante, à savoir la formation et le recyclage des professionnels bilingues et biculturels en gériatrie. Les experts américains qui travaillent avec les émigrés soviétiques âgés doivent aussi s'informer au sujet de la culture, du système de sécurité sociale, des pratiques sanitaires et du comportement social qui étaient en vigueur dans leur pays.

     

印刷型科技期刊不久将被淘汰吗

计算机和网络技术的飞速发展,渗透并改造着社会生活的各个方面,其中电子出版物给印刷型科技期刊带来了冲击和挑战.据美国的一项统计,因网络的兴起,美国的电视观众减少了30%,报纸发行量下降了7%,而电子和网络出版物的发行量却增长了7%[1].     

高中生物学细菌知识的整合再生

细菌，作为特殊类群的生物，在结构、代谢、生殖、遗传、进化和生态等方面都有别于动植物。就像它身体微小、结构简单一样，在高中生物学众多的知识点中常常会被遗忘，但高考中并没有被忽略。所以在高中生物学复习中要注意细菌知识的综合复习，形成知识网络。     

Integrating Scaffolding Strategies Into Technology-Enhanced Assessments of English Learners: Task Types and Measurement Models

This article investigates ways to improve the assessment of English learner students' English language proficiency given the current movement of creating next-generation English language proficiency assessments in the Common Core era. In particular, this article discusses the integration of scaffolding strategies, which are prevalently utilized as an instructional strategy for English learner students, into the design of technology-enhanced assessment tasks. The article includes sample tasks and student responses to illustrate the design of scaffolding assessment tasks and their potential to increase the accuracy of measuring students' English language proficiency. We also explore possible scoring and psychometric models for the scaffolding tasks in large-scale standardized assessments.     

Metacognitive strategies and reading comprehension in elementary-school students

The aim of this study was to explore comprehension monitoring and perceived use of reading strategies as factors of reading comprehension. Participants were elementary school students from the fifth to the eighth grade. Error correction and text sensitivity tasks from the Metacomprehension test (Pazzaglia, De Beni, &; Cristante, 1994). and the cloze-task were used as measures of comprehension monitoring during reading. A Strategic reading questionnaire (Koli?-Vehovec &; Baj?anski, 2001b) was applied as a measure of perceived use of strategies during reading. Girls had better results than boys on text comprehension, all measures of comprehension monitoring, as well as on the Strategic reading questionnaire. Significant developmental improvements in comprehension monitoring occurred after the fifth grade and between the sixth and the eighth grade. A similar change was evident in reading comprehension. All measures of comprehension monitoring were significantly related to text comprehension in all age groups. However, perceived use of reading strategies was significantly related to reading comprehension only in eighth-grade students.     

Learning in a game-based virtual environment: a comparative evaluation in higher education

The authors define the requirements and a conceptual model for comparative evaluation research of simulation games and serious games (SGs) in a learning context. A first operationalisation of the model was used to comparatively evaluate a suite of 14 SGs on varying topics played between 2004 and 2009 in 13 institutes of higher education in the Netherlands. The questions in this research were: what is the perceived learning effectiveness of the games and what factors explain it? How can we comparatively evaluate games for learning? Data were gathered through pre- and post-game questionnaires among 1000 students, leading to 500 useful datasets and 230 complete datasets for analysis (factor analysis, scaling, t-test and correlation analysis) to give an explorative, structural model. The findings are discussed and a number of propositions for further research are formulated. The conclusion of the analysis is that the students’ motivation and attitudes towards game-based learning before the game, their actual enjoyment, their efforts during the game and the quality of the facilitator/teacher are most strongly correlated with their learning satisfaction. The degree to which the experiences during the game were translated back into the underlying theories significantly determines the students’ learning satisfaction. The quality of the virtual game environment did not matter so much. The authors reflect upon the general methodology used and offer suggestions for further research and development.     

论高绩效编辑团队的构建

在分析团队定义及特点的基础上,探讨构建高绩效编辑团队的意义:有利于整合人力资源,增强期刊的竞争力;有利于提高办刊质量,出精品期刊;有利于编辑人员素质尽快提高。高绩效编辑团队的构建思路是:加强文化建设,弘扬团队精神;确定目标并及时调整近期目标;建立不断进取的学习型的编辑团队;建立人际关系和谐的编辑团队。     

争当少数者博弈模型向金融市场接近探索

本文在将争当少数者博弈模型向金融市场接近方面做了一些研究探索工作。对争当少数者博弈模型经纪人不同时刻策略虚分设置不同的权重,发现模型得到的收益率分布图更加接近真实市场的胖尾分布;同时,在争当少数者博弈模型中引入不同类型的经纪人,发现模型某方人数的波动会出现类似于真实市场的泡沫爆发现象。