Wie die Türken in unsere Köpfe kamen. Das Türkei-Bild in der deutschen Pädagogik zwischen 1820 und 1930

The article reconstructs the image of Turkey and the Turks that German education portrayed between 1820 and 1930. The analysis is based on educational periodicals and reference works from the historical eras of the German Confederation, the German Empire and the First World War, tracing the way old stereotypes persisted and new stereotypes arose. The study especially focuses on the opinions of German educationalists about schools in Turkey, Turkish women, Islam, the question of whether Turkey was part of Europe, and last not least on whether Ottoman educational policies were appropriate. Closely following the historical sources, the article shows how the opinions of German educationists changed according to the shift of Germany’s geopolitical interests, how their outlook went hand in hand with the views of the general press, and how they gradually came to a professional self-concept that contrasted ‘their’ educational system with what they believed was a ‘backward’ system in Turkey. At the same time they began to develop an interest in doing professional work in Turkey. The article can also be regarded as a contribution to the history of educational thinking in Germany in the course of the nineteenth century.     

Sources of bias in special needs provision in mainstream primary schools: evidence from two British cohort studies

This study examines inequality during late childhood in children's access to special needs help in mainstream primary schools using data from two British cohorts: the National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). It explores the source of any biases in the provision of special help using measures of individual gender, attainment and psychosocial adjustment; family social class; school composition; and education regions. Pervasive gender bias was found both in the identification of children with special needs and in the provision of help to children with special needs. There were more children from manual homes receiving help in school than children from professional homes, but when reading, mathematics and psychosocial adjustment scores were taken into account, the gradient reversed, so that children from professional homes were more likely to be getting help. The influence of the school's composition showed the same reversal. Once test scores were considered, schools with a greater proportion of above average children were more likely to be able to provide help for those with special needs than schools with a greater proportion of children with problems. Regional variation suggests that areas in southeast England are better funded than average, while areas of deprivation are not provided with sufficient resources to meet their children's needs.     

Young people’s experiences of parental involvement in youth sport

Recently parental involvement in youth sport has intensified, challenging the understanding of youth sports as an arena where adolescents can develop their identity and autonomy. On this background, our study explores how adolescents understand and negotiate their parents’ involvement in sport and how they define ideal and undesirable forms of parental involvement. Our empirical setting is Norway, and we draw on data from 16 focus group interviews among 13–14-year-olds (n?=?92) recruited from two lower secondary schools. The analysis shows that young people distinguish between different aspects of the sport activity when defining ideal and undesirable forms of parental involvement. When discussing sport as a healthy activity necessary for physical and social development, the young people interviewed approve of parents’ role in regulating and encouraging participation. When considering the athletic aspects and peer sociability, however, they see parental involvement as mostly undesirable. The analysis also shows that the adolescents generally describe their parents as attentive to the boundaries their children draw for them about levels and types of involvement. Therefore, young people should be seen not only as subjected to parental involvement but also as active co-constructors of valid parental roles in and beyond the sporting arena.     

The Koppitz developmental scoring system for the Bender-Gestalt: Is it developmental?

The Bender-Gestalt was administered individually to 652 children, aged 5 to 11 years. The protocols were subsequently scored using the Koppitz Developmental System. A sample of scores were fitted to various developmental curves using a computer program called DATAFIT. The data approximated a curvilinear regression line more than a linear regression line. The R² for the total sample and for various combinations of age groups was relatively low. Implications regarding the limitations of various interpretive procedures were discussed.     

Teacher Education for the New Century in Sweden

The future of teacher education (TE) is currently under discussion in Sweden and a reform proposal has been presented. Future TE provides one single examination for all types of teachers. It also provides a flexible choice of alternative courses, a mandatory course in inclusive education and a range of optional specialisations. After many post-war years of reform in the Swedish school system, the education of comprehensive schoolteachers was itself eventually reformed in 1988. Since then, major changes in schools have occurred: legislation has been liberalised and economic constraints have accelerated. A shortage of teachers in certain subjects and certain parts of the country is a cause for concern. In this article, the new TE proposal is presented and discussed, and the possible future of the Swedish school and TE are outlined. It is argued that implementation of certain parts of the reform proposal will cause problems. L'avenir de la formation des enseignants est un sujet discuté actuellement en Suède et une proposition de réforme vient d'être présentée. La prochaine formation des enseignants stipule un examen unique pour tous les types d'enseignants, ainsi qu'un choix flexible de cours alternatifs, un cours obligatoire en éducation spécialisée et une partie de spécialisation optionnelle. Après plusieurs années d'après-guerre de réformes du système scolaire suédois, la formation des professeurs d'écoles a été finalement réformée en 1988. Depuis lors, des changements majeurs sont intervenus: la législation a été libéralisée et les contraintes économiques se sont accrues. Le manque d'enseignants dans certaines disciplines et dans certaines régions du pays est une préoccupation. Dans l'article, la proposition de formation des enseignants est présentée et discutée, et l'avenir probable de l'école suédoise ainsi que celui de la formation des enseignants y sont esquissés. Il y est aussi démontré que l'application de certaines parties des propositions de réforme causera quelques problèmes. El futuro de la formación de profesores se estádiscutiendo actualmente en Suecia y una propuesta de reforma ha sido presentada hace poco. La futura formación implica un solo examen para todas las categorías de profesores. Asimismo implica una mayor flexibilidad en la elección de cursos alternativos, un curso obligatorio en educación especial y una variedad de cursos de especialización opcionales. Después de varios años de reforma del sistema educativo en Suecia en el período de posguerra, una reforma de la formación del profesorado de secundaria se llevóa cabo en 1988. Desde entonces, se han evidenciado varios cambios: la legislación se liberalizó y los recortes económicos se incrementaron. La falta de profesores para ciertas asignaturas y en ciertos lugares del país constituye un problema cada vez más grande. En el artículo se presenta y se discute la propuesta del nuevo currículo asícomo el posible futuro de la educación en Suecia. Se argumenta que será difícil llevar a cabo ciertas partes de la propuesta de la reforma. Die Zukunft der Lehrerausbildung (LA) wird gegenwärtig in Schweden diskutiert, und ein Reformvorschlag ist vorgestellt worden. Die künftige LA sieht einen einzigen Abschluß für alle Lehrerkategorien vor. Sie bietet auch eine flexible Auswahl an alternativen Kursen, einen obligatorischen Kurs in Sonderpädagogik und einen Vertiefungsteil nach Wahl an. Nach vielen Reformen des schwedischen Schulsystems in der Nachkriegszeit wurde schließlich im Jahr 1988 die Ausbildung für Lehrer der Klassen 1-9 reformiert. Seitdem haben große Veränderungen stattgefunden: die Gesetzgebung ist liberalisiert worden, und die wirtschaftlichen Hindernisse haben sich zunehmend vermehrt. Ein Lehrermangel in gewissen Fächern und in gewissen Regionen des Landes schafft Probleme. In dem vorliegenden Artikel wird der Vorschlag der neuen LA vorgestellt und diskutiert, und die mögliche Zukunft der schwedischen Schule und Lehrerausbildung wird skizziert. Es wird für die These argumentiert, daß die Verwirklichung gewisser Teile des Reformvorschlags Probleme verursachen wird.     

The impact evaluation process,part 1: Building a case for demonstrating the worth of performance improvement interventions

Evaluation results and consequences are only as strong as the plan and the partnerships that provide guidance for the evaluation process. This article, the first of a two‐part series on evaluation, is a pragmatic guide for conducting useful evaluations that produce action‐based recommendations for measurably improving performance. The next installment focuses on planning a responsive evaluation by establishing solid partnerships with stakeholders.     

Reconstructed task orientation and local time governance in compulsory schools: the Swedish case

Recently, a five‐year trial period without a set timetable for compulsory school education in 79 municipalities was concluded in Sweden. The overall idea of the trial was to facilitate local participation, local time governance and flexible learning. Within the pilot trial, each individual pupil’s school activities were supposed to be designed to suit his/her needs, interests and prerequisites. This article examines how teachers, principals and students describe students’ schoolwork as being located in the intersection between school/home, work/leisure, time/task and individual/collective spheres. Three empirical studies indicate that the essential part of new temporal habits of school concerns a reconstructed task orientation. Time has been taken into the service of tasks and clock‐time is not always a taken for granted regulator in educational settings. Potential disadvantages with a more task‐oriented education are also discussed.     

国际大学校长联合会的祝贺

今天我感到非常荣幸 ,能够在此 ,向中国传媒大学 (原北京广播学院 ) 5 0周年华诞表达我最诚挚的祝贺。在此 ,我以国际大学校长联合会主席的身份致贺辞。国际大学校长联合会在今年也庆祝了其 4 0周岁生日。同时 ,我还带来了我所在的澳大利亚新英格兰大学诚挚的祝福 ,我校今年也庆祝了 5 0周年校庆。中国传媒大学 (原北京广播学院 )和澳大利亚新英格兰大学在长达半个世纪的历程中 ,都展示了我们各自国家所寄予大学的责任与美德 ,同时也都在努力争取成为国际高等教育界认可的大学的典范。1 追求卓越的责任我们坚信 ,作为一所大学 ,无论是教学科…