The role and the training of teacher-counsellors

The example of teachers not seeking counselling was used. Some reasons for this situation were given as well as one possible way to change it by providing early information and training during the students' regular studies. My hope is that if teachers have the necessary information, abilities and positive experiences, when they have problems, it should be easier for them to use counsellors than it is for other today.Teachers were used as an example of how one group could be encounraged to make use of counsellors. However, similar strategies could be used with other groups whose jobs involve high personal stress (for example social workers, medical doctors etc.). The example of teachers was also used to show how change can be introduced within a system. Here it might be useful to develop the ability to work with a counsellor during the regular education, so that it becomes part of their understanding of their professional role.     

The Validity of Comparative Educational Studies

What are the conditions that will allow for appropriate comparisons among groups" Should the concept of comparative validity be added to the lexicon of the psychometrician"     

论矿物材料计算与设计

矿产资源产业是国民经济的基础产业,非金属矿产是重要的固体矿产之一,80%的矿物用于材料工业,矿物加工是矿产资源高效利用、制备矿物材料的重要加工技术环节,矿物材料是国民经济中高新技术材料的重要组成,材料科学及矿物材料学科的发展,为矿物材料计算与设计理论的提出奠定了实际基础.借鉴材料设计与计算的理论和方法,在总结、分析和研究矿物加工及矿物材料制备方面大量的理论研究和实际成果的基础上,提出了矿物材料计算与设计及功能性矿物材料、复合材料化学改性药剂分子设计与模拟的学术思想,论述了矿物材料计算与设计的基本科学技术问题、研究内容、相关学科体系、研究层次及其学科地位.其意义在于:使矿物加工工程学科发展和功能性矿物材料的研发,建立在基本科学原理基础之上,将矿物加工工程学科的主要研究内容统一在总体的方向、目标之内,横向拓展了相关学科理论的研究范围;根据矿物结构、组成,通过设计与计算,对矿物材料性能进行预测、预报,进而为制备提供最佳技术路线;对于已知性能的矿物材料优化制备路线,系统分析各种矿物的结构与组成及其所具备固有性质,针对各种材料性质要求,排列对应关系,为复合材料的制备奠定基础,进而实现矿物资源的高效开发和利用,同时,使得材料设计或计算材料的学科基础向研究矿物组成与结构的纵向延伸,丰富了材料科学思想.     

Modeling Skipped and Not‐Reached Items Using IRTrees

When dealing with missing responses, two types of omissions can be discerned: items can be skipped or not reached by the test taker. When the occurrence of these omissions is related to the proficiency process the missingness is nonignorable. The purpose of this article is to present a tree‐based IRT framework for modeling responses and omissions jointly, taking into account that test takers as well as items can contribute to the two types of omissions. The proposed framework covers several existing models for missing responses, and many IRTree models can be estimated using standard statistical software. Further, simulated data is used to show that ignoring missing responses is less robust than often considered. Finally, as an illustration of its applicability, the IRTree approach is applied to data from the 2009 PISA reading assessment.     

RIM: A Random Item Mixture Model to Detect Differential Item Functioning

In this paper we present a new methodology for detecting differential item functioning (DIF). We introduce a DIF model, called the random item mixture (RIM), that is based on a Rasch model with random item difficulties (besides the common random person abilities). In addition, a mixture model is assumed for the item difficulties such that the items may belong to one of two classes: a DIF or a non-DIF class. The crucial difference between the DIF class and the non-DIF class is that the item difficulties in the DIF class may differ according to the observed person groups while they are equal across the person groups for the items from the non-DIF class. Statistical inference for the RIM is carried out in a Bayesian framework. The performance of the RIM is evaluated using a simulation study in which it is compared with traditional procedures, like the likelihood ratio test, the Mantel-Haenszel procedure and the standardized p -DIF procedure. In this comparison, the RIM performs better than the other methods. Finally, the usefulness of the model is also demonstrated on a real life data set.     

Patterns of journal publications by staff of the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 1961-1980

This study analyzes publishing patterns of the staff of the University of Ibadan College of Medicine, Nigeria, based on a bibliography prepared by the authors. Data-gathering for the bibliography is described. An analysis is made of journals staff published in for the period 1961-1980, focusing on changes in journal order rank, publishing locations, and subject spread. A ranked list of the leading journals for the period 1976-1980 is given, showing the importance of local publishing and pointing to the need for local indexing.     

关于广东省普通高校体育专业招生考试足球项目考试内容、方法及评分标准的研究

采用调查访问、实验法对广东省普通高校体育专业招生考试足球项目考试内容、方法及评分标准进行研究,通过研究．足球非专项考试难度偏低的问题、足球专项考试方法中颠球、绕杆射门项目考试难度偏低以及踢准项目偏难等问题得到解决,从而确立了广东省新的足球专项、非专项考试的各项内容、方法及评分标准,为广东省考试中心组织实施2005年广东省普通高校体育专业招生考试提供了具有实效性和科学性的保证。     

PubMed, Internet Grateful Med, and Ovid: a comparison of three MEDLINE Internet interfaces

Three MEDLINE Internet interfaces are compared: PubMed, Internet Grateful Med, and Ovid MEDLINE. Although these interfaces all search MEDLINE, significant differences exist in terms of their search interfaces, presentation of results, and special features. This paper examines these variations and explores some of the advantages and disadvantages of the three interfaces.     

每球得分制条件下影响一攻、防反关系的主要因素的研究——兼谈中国女排与世界女排的比较

通过对 1998年世界女子排球锦标赛、1999年世界杯女子排球赛与 1999年、2 0 0 0年全国女子排球甲级联赛的研究 ,对每球得分制条件下影响一攻和防反的主要因素进行论证。结果表明 :发球、一传效果、防守效果、不同风格打法和运动员心理素质是影响每球得分制条件下一攻、防反效果的主要因素 ;与世界强队相比 ,中国女子排球队在后排进攻方面存在着显著性差异