Leadership and the Profession of Counseling: Beliefs and Practices

Thirty‐one individuals who have provided leadership to the counseling profession completed 3 Q‐sorts. These individuals sorted 39 statements about leadership according to 3 phases: when a leadership effort is getting started, when work is progressing, and when a leadership effort is coming to a close. The authors present perspectives on leadership that emerged from the study, during each of the 3 phases, and attempt to present their findings in a way that honors multiple voices about leadership.     

国有企业民营化改制的理论困境和实践约束

国企民营化改制要顺利进行，必须摆脱一系列的理论和实践束缚，方能成功；同时，也必须充分认识到，民营化并不是解决国有企业问题的唯一途径。分析国企民营化改制可行性的目的在于籍此找出国有企业问题的症结．探索后续改革的合理预期。     

Autonomy in school provision: Meanings and implications — review essay

Using expanded evidence from the Administrator and Teacher Survey and the High School and Beyond data, the book Politics, Markets, and America's Schools, by Chubb and Moe (C&M), measures differential progress of students who remain in their chosen high schools. Of the variables positively associated with student achievement gain, school organization is clearly significant. C&M describe good school organization as inversely related to the size and dominance of bureaucracy and positively correlated with autonomy. In the absence of a precise definition by C&M this article explores the full meaning of autonomy and finds that when applying it to C&M's ultimate reform proposals, serious inconsistencies emerge. Thus, while they start with the finding that bureaucracy is “unambiguously bad” for school organization, in their last chapter the authors nevertheless recommend reforms in which the existing bureaucracy rather than autonomy is in central charge. In the same vein, their treatment of the voucher system and private schooling, which would clearly promote more autonomy, is decidedly and unexpectedly cool.     

Does Student Effort Respond to Incentives? Evidence from a Guaranteed College Admissions Program

This paper studies the effects of guaranteed college admission on student effort and achievement. In 1997, Texas enacted the “Top Ten Percent” law, which guarantees admission to any public college for students in the top ten percent of their high school class. In practice, eligible students become aware of their admission status at the end of their junior year in high school—more than 1 year prior to attending college. We use data from a large, urban school district and regression discontinuity methods to test for effects on effort. Our preferred estimates show that students who barely qualify for the admissions guarantee earn marginally lower grades and take fewer advanced courses in their senior year compared to students who do not qualify for guaranteed admission and learn their status in the final senior year term. We find qualitatively similar results when limiting our sample to finer bandwidths, although the estimates are imprecise.     

Validating curriculum development using text mining

Interdisciplinarity requires the collaboration of two or more disciplines to combine their expertise to jointly develop and deliver learning and teaching outcomes appropriate for a subject area. Curricula and assessment mapping are critical components to foster and enhance interdisciplinary learning environments. Emerging careers in data science and machine learning coupled with the necessary graduate outcomes mandate the need for a truly interdisciplinary pedagogical approach. The challenges for emerging academic disciplines such as data science and machine learning center on the need for multiple fields to coherently develop university-level curricula. Using text mining, we empirically analyze the breadth and depth of existing tertiary-level curricula to quantify patterns in curricula through the use of surface and deep cluster analysis. This approach helps educators validate the breadth and depth of a proposed curriculum relative to the broad evolution of data science as a discipline.