Detecting Misspecification in Mean Structures for Growth Curve Models: Performance of Pseudo R 2s and Concordance Correlation Coefficients

This study examined the performance of 4 correlation-based fit indexes (marginal and conditional pseudo R ²s; average and conditional concordance correlations) in detecting misspecification in mean structures in growth curve models. Their performance was also compared to that of 4 traditional SEM fit indexes. We found that the marginal pseudo R ² and average concordance correlation were able to detect misspecification in the marginal mean structure (average change trajectory). The conditional pseudo R ² and concordance correlation could detect misspecification when it occurred in the conditional mean structure (individual change trajectory) or in both mean structures. Compared to the SEM fit indexes, the correlation-based fit indexes were more robust to sample size but were less robust to data properties such as magnitude of population mean and measurement error. Theoretical and practical implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed.     

Influence of the scholar

Among the factors which will influence the emerging roles of medical libraries will be the changing needs of the medical scholars who use them. The effectiveness of the medical practitioner will be determined to an increasing extent by his capacity to mobilize information with a rapidity sufficient to permit its application in day-to-day decision-making. The practice of medicine is becoming an increasingly academic pursuit. The library and the librarian will, therefore, become more directly involved in the practice of medicine, and the library will be a more crucial resource in providing superior patient-care. Changes in undergraduate and continuing medical education will make new demands on the library. These and other related developments will create new functions, new problems, and new opportunities for the librarian.     

内隐学习理论对社会规范学习的启示

社会规范学习是个体品德形成的基础。由于忽视了社会规范学习的特点,社会规范学习成了令人厌烦的灌输与说教。内隐学习理论对社会规范学习的启示在于：社会规范学习中,必须激发学生内隐学习潜能;在各个学科教学中,渗透积极人生观;个体在无意识中形成内在品质;以外显可量化行为间接考察内隐的观念。在社会规范学习中运用内隐学习理论应注意：正确处理社会规范学习中内隐学习和外显学习的关系;选用符合学生认知发展规律的内隐学习材料;懂得内隐学习不是一蹴而就的。     

The crucial role of theoretical scholarship for learning design and technology

Educational technology research and development -     

How New is New Labour? The Quasi-market and English Schools 1997 to 2001

This paper focuses on the reforms made to the quasi-market in school-based education in England that occurred between May 1997 and May 2001. It discusses the changes that have taken place in relation to parental choice, admissions to schools, school diversity, fund-ing and examination 'league tables'. The Labour Government can be seen as having embraced the quasi-market with a similar enthusiasm to that of its Conservative predecessors although it has tended to emphasise social inclusion as opposed to competition. While it has attempted to soften the edges of the quasi-market it has not tackled some of its major deficiencies such as the power that schools that are their own admission authorities have to distort the admissions process.     

Parental educational level,gender differences,and seniors' aspirations for advanced study

Many factors affect an undergraduate student's postbaccalaureate plans. Academic interests, career-related factors, finances, and various psychological and sociological factors all have been found to be related to interest in advanced education. Few studies, however, are gender-specific in examining the relation of parental educational attainment to their children's aspirations. Such data would be helpful in the attempts to understand the continued underrepresentation of women in most fields requiring advanced degrees. All seniors at a large Midwestern university with at least a 3.0 cumulative grade point average planning to graduate in spring or summer of 1986 were sent questionnaires dealing with their postgraduation plans. Of these 1900 surveys, 791 (42%) were returned. Results reported here examine the relation of future educational plans to gender of student, educational level of parent, and field of study. A modeling effect not noted in previous literature is discussed.     

Performance of rhesus monkeys on two-cue problems with cues separated

Relative performance on color and form dimensions during acquisition of two-cue problems by learning-set-sophisticated rhesus monkeys was evaluated with differential reinforcement. Six animals received 24 two-choice problems, each generated from three planometric stimuli, a reference stimulus, an alternate stimulus identical in color but differing in form, and one identical in form but differing in color. The reference stimulus appeared on every trial of a problem and was paired with one or the other alternate on a given trial On half of the problems, the reference stimulus was positive and on the remainder was negative. Acquisition was nearly equivalent on both cue dimensions with positive reference stimuli, but only one dimension was learned with negative reference stimuli. Results were interpreted as unfavorable to attention theory.