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121.
The aim of this study was to build a structural model to explore the predictors of adjustment to aging (AtA) in a community-dwelling older population. A community-dwelling sample of 1,270 older adults aged between 75 and 102 years answered a questionnaire to determine sociodemographic (sex, age, professional and marital status, education, household, adult children, family's annual income, living setting, and self-reported spirituality), lifestyle, and health-related characteristics (perceived health, recent disease, medication, and leisure). Several instruments were used to assert psychological variables, namely AtA, sense of coherence, and subjective well-being. Structural equation modeling was used to explore a structural model of the self-reported AtA, encompassing all variables. Significant predictors are self-reported spirituality (β = .816, p < .001); perceived health (β = .455, p < .001); leisure (β = .322, p < .001); professional status (β = .283, p < .001); income (β = .230, p = .035); household (β = –.208, p = .007); sense of coherence (β = ?.202, p = .004); and adult children (β = .164, p = .011). The variables explain, respectively, 60.6% of the variability of AtA. Self-reported spirituality is the strongest predictor of AtA. Other predictors are perceived health, leisure, professional status, income, household, sense of coherence, and adult children. This study emphasizes the need for deepening the variables that influence older adults’ AtA—in particular, perceived health and further lifestyle-related characteristics—as being relevant for promoting aging well in later life, within a salutogenic context for health care. 相似文献
122.
Isabel Roque Marina Serra de Lemos Teresa Gonçalves 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2014,29(1):159-173
This study examined the development of school-related causality beliefs which are children’s generalized perceptions of the utility or power of different categories of specific means in producing school outcomes. Based on the action theory perspective, we analyzed the developmental model of these beliefs as well as the trajectories of the five perceived causes of school success and failure: ability, effort, luck, teacher’s help, and unknown causes. On a 5-year longitudinal study, following a group of 63 students over an 8-year period (from the second to the ninth grades), using hierarchical linear models, intraindividual changes and interindividual differences in these changes were identified; also, factors that might account for this variability were tested. The results showed a decrease of the effectiveness attributed to the various causes, but their differentiated trajectories, and a relative independence of gender and achievement factors (engagement and school grades) in the evolution of these beliefs. School children in the lower grades value most highly ability and effort as causes of school success. Student’s beliefs about the causes of school performance become both more conservative and more differentiated along schooling, which is probably a normative general tendency. Findings from this longitudinal study corroborate, to a large extent, a consistent set of important developmental findings based on previous cross-sectional designs. 相似文献
123.
Graves’ disease (GD) is an organ-specific heterogenous autoimmune disorder associated with T-lymphocyte abnormality affecting
the thyroid, eyes and skin. GD is a multifactorial disease that develops as a result of complex interaction between genetic
susceptibility genes and environmental factors. It has been suggested that the Cytotoxic T lymphocytes associated molecule-4
(CTLA-4) is a genetic susceptibility candidate for GD. The present study was focused on A/G polymorphism at position 49 in
exon-1 of the CTLA-4 gene in 80 GD patients (GP) and 80 sex and age matched healthy individuals among South Indian (Madurai)
population. Serum concentrations of thyroid hormone (T4, T3 and TSH) were determined by using automated analyzer. The genomic DNA was isolated from the patient and control groups and
genotyping was performed using the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction enzyme analysis using Bbv1. Significant difference (P < 0.001) was observed in the level of T3, T4 and TSH in GD patients and healthy individuals. The results revealed the CTLA-4 gene G/G genotype to be 32 (40%) in patients
and 26 (32.50%) in healthy individuals, A/G genotype to be 37 (46.25%) in patients and 25 (31.25%) in healthy individuals
and A/A genotype to be 11 (13.75%) in patients and 29 (36.25%) in healthy individuals. The calculated odds ratio (OR) in individuals
with mutant genotype (GG/AG) reveal 3.6 fold risk for GD (95% confidence interval = 1.6–7.8). The mutant “G” allele frequency
was observed to be 0.63 in GD patients and 0.48 in healthy individuals. Thus the present study demonstrates an association
between the CTLA-4 gene polymorphism and Graves’ disease. 相似文献
124.
125.
David J. Hancock Patrícia Coutinho Jean Côté Isabel Mesquita 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(1):33-38
Contextual influences on talent development (e.g., birthplace effects) have become a topic of interest for sport scientists. Birthplace effects occur when being born in a certain city size leads to participation or performance advantages, typically for those born in smaller or mid-sized cities. The purpose of this study was to investigate birthplace effects in Portuguese volleyball players by analysing city size, as well as population density – an important but infrequently used variable. Participants included 4062 volleyball players (Mage = 33), 53.2% of whom were men. Using Portuguese national census data from 1981, we compared participants (within each sex) across five population categories. In addition, we used ANOVAs to study expertise and population density. Results indicated that men and women athletes born in districts of 200,000–399,999 were 2.4 times more likely to attain elite volleyball status, while all other districts decreased the odds of expert development. For men, being born in high-density areas resulted in less chance of achieving expertise, whereas there were no differences for women. The results suggest that athletes’ infrastructure and social structure play an important role in talent development, and that these structures are influenced by total population and population density, respectively. 相似文献
126.
This study examined effects on kindergartners (n = 131) of two approaches to vocabulary instruction, repetition and interactive, and a control condition, along a progression of language processing, using a within subject design. The repetition condition featured repeated readings of a story and practice with definitions. The interactive condition featured multiple contexts and active processing of the words. Students were assessed with experimenter-designed measures of meaning recognition, comprehension, and production. Repetition and interactive approaches enabled students’ recognition of word meanings and higher-order processing compared to the control. Two measures of higher-order processing showed advantage for interactive instruction relative to repetition instruction. 相似文献
127.
Smith Angela Rubio-Rico Lourdes McClelland Gabrielle Tracy Monserrate-Gómez Sílvia Font-Jiménez Isabel de Molina-Fernández Inmaculada 《Education and Information Technologies》2022,27(5):6847-6867
Education and Information Technologies - This paper presents the process of co-design, co-production, piloting, evaluation and revision of an Integrated Digital Literacy and Language Toolkit for... 相似文献
128.
Gueudet Ghislaine Buteau Chantal Muller Eric Mgombelo Joyce Sacristn Ana Isabel Rodriguez Marisol Santacruz 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2022,110(2):353-377
Educational Studies in Mathematics - We are interested in understanding how university students learn to use programming as a tool for “authentic” mathematical investigations (i.e.,... 相似文献
129.
Abstract The aims of this study were twofold: (a) to determine if dispositional achievement goal orientation profiles that are reported in the literature would be observed in a sample of youth athletes, and (b) to examine potential achievement goal orientation profile differences on perceptions of the motivational climate, perceptions of peer relationships, and motivation-related responses. Male soccer players (n = 223) aged 9–12 years (mean = 10.9, s = 0.6) completed a multi-section questionnaire containing assessments of dispositional goal (task, ego) orientations, the perceived task- and ego-involving features of the motivational climate, perceived peer acceptance and friendship quality (positive friendship quality, conflict), perceived ability, soccer enjoyment, and satisfaction with one's performance and the team. Four profiles were observed that closely matched those observed by Hodge and Petlichkoff (2000), though in the present study a lower proportion of participants exhibited achievement goal profiles consisting of relatively high ego orientation. Achievement goal profile differences were found for all variables except positive friendship quality, with a general trend for those reporting relatively lower task goal orientation to exhibit less adaptive responses. Overall, the findings support achievement goal frameworks (e.g. Nicholls, 1989) and suggest that further examination of dispositional achievement goals may afford a deeper understanding of social relationships and motivational processes in youth sport. 相似文献
130.
Sara Bahia Isabel P. Freire Maria Teresa Estrela Anabela Amaral José António Espírito Santo 《Teaching in Higher Education》2017,22(4):467-482
ABSTRACTThere has been an overall change in higher education towards the achievement of outstanding patterns of quality and excellence that assure competitiveness at a global scale. Teachers feel the pressure of official regulations for achieving quality and excellence, based on questionable concepts of quality that do not take into account the experience and beliefs of teachers and lead to emotional states that may promote or hinder adjustment to changes.The present study used a categorical content analysis to capture the emotions that twelve university teachers associate with the changes experienced and with the pursuit of quality emphasized in Portugal by the Bologna Process. The results show that participants revealed mixed emotions regarding change. Students elicit mostly positive emotions, whereas bureaucracy, marketization and career changes generate negative emotions that impede the quest for quality, although in a minority of participants they prompt resilience that stimulates engagement in quality. 相似文献