Assessing collaborative computing: development of the Collaborative-Computing Observation Instrument (C-COI)

This paper describes the development, validation, and uses of the Collaborative Computing Observation Instrument (C-COI), a web-based analysis instrument that classifies individual and/or collaborative behaviors of students during computing problem-solving (e.g. coding, programming). The C-COI analyzes data gathered through video and audio screen recording software that captures students’ computer screens as they program, and their conversations with their peers or adults. The instrument allows researchers to organize and quantify these data to track behavioral patterns that could be further analyzed for deeper understanding of persistence and/or collaborative interactions. The article provides a rationale for the C-COI including the development of a theoretical framework for measuring collaborative interactions in computer-mediated environments. This theoretical framework relied on the computer-supported collaborative learning literature related to adaptive help seeking, the joint problem-solving space in which collaborative computing occurs, and conversations related to outcomes and products of computational activities. Instrument development and validation also included ongoing advisory board feedback from experts in computer science, collaborative learning, and K-12 computing as well as classroom observations to test out the constructs in the C-COI. These processes resulted in an instrument with rigorous validation procedures and a high inter-rater reliability.     

Yee和Lan的爱情故事

为何一个人爱恋对方时会送戒指呢？这个凄美而浪漫的传说娓娓诉说了这“爱的光环”的由来。 Once upon a time,in a solar system that is so,so far away from here that you wouldn't believe me if I told you, were two planets. Their names were Yee and Lan,and they loved each other very much. Every time they saw each other they would whisper planet secrets,or share wisps of atmosphere, or tell silly jokes. But they were a little sad.because it was so long between times that they got to be near each other,what with orbital mechanics being what