找准经济报道的入点和出点

改革开放以来,社会经济生活越来越受到百姓的关注,经济宣传的地位也越加重要。“以经济建设为中心”虽然在新闻工作中不能简单化为“以经济报道为中心,”但无疑,它是当前新闻宣传中的重头戏。在每一部经济报道的电视作品中,记者都要面对着素材中无数个人点和出点。因此,找准出、入点是我们在宣传中需要研究的一个问题。一、入点：要善于沉入宣传中去寻找视角在当前社会接轨、利益重构的关键阶段,电视经济宣传无疑应当聚焦“领导关注的中心工作”。但另一方面,“百姓关心的热点问题”也应是记者们“大写特写”的镜头,因此寻找一个好…     

浅谈处理好直观教学中的五个关系

直观教学有助于学生获得感性认识,形成表象,有利于掌握抽象的数学知识。教师在运用直观教学时,应处理好以下五个关系。一、具体与抽象直观的目的是帮助学生从具体的形象思维向抽象的逻辑思维过渡。当学生获得了一定的感性认识后,就得及时引导学生进行抽象、概括,把认识提高到理性阶段。二、直观与语言直观不是目的,只是一种手段。语言的直观,却能促进学生对数学概念、法则等知识的掌握,促进思维的发展。直观手段与语言的恰当结合,才能使直观收到良好的效果。如教学“角的认识”时,先让学生观察一个‘角”,形成一定的表象后,教师…     

都是“脱口而出”惹的祸

学平面设计的小莉工作半年多了,打从自己找工作以来,她就觉得特别不顺。似乎“工作”这两个字眼总是与她过不去。刚找工作那会,小莉踌躇满志,终于可以大显身手了,凭自己这么聪明的脑袋瓜和灵活的思维反应,找份工作绝对不是问题,找份好工作也应该不在话下。小莉是那种性格开朗活泼,说话做事喜欢雷厉风行、直来直去的女孩。她喜欢做设计,而她也确实在设计方面表现出了一定的才华和天赋,在学校期间取得的各类设计比赛的奖状就足以证明这一点。因此,她对自己将来的工作是满怀期待的——中上可观的待遇水平不用说,工作环境还得好,做设计工作,一个…     

Parent-, teacher-, and self-rated motivational styles in ADHD subtypes

The motivational styles of 25 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD/C), 13 children with ADHD, inattentive type (ADHD/IA), and 25 nondiagnosed controls (NC) were compared using parent, teacher, and self-ratings. Both ADHD subtypes demonstrated motivational impairment characterized by a preference for easy work, less enjoyment of learning, less persistence, and a greater reliance on external than on internal standards to judge their performance relative to NC. Some motivational style differences between ADHD subtypes were also revealed, with the ADHD/C group more motivated by competitiveness and a desire to be perceived as superior to others and the ADHD/IA group less uncooperative and possibly more passive in their learning styles. When IQ was statistically controlled, these results were generally unchanged. The contributing role of motivational deficits to the generally poor academic functioning of children with ADHD is discussed, along with potential intervention implications of the divergent motivational styles of different ADHD subtypes.     

Patterns of maternal behavior among neglectful families: implications for research and intervention

OBJECTIVE: The heterogeneity within neglecting caregivers has not been explored in an empirical fashion. The current study sought to address this limitation by utilizing archival data in order to explore variability of maternal behavior among neglectful families. METHOD: The current study utilized archival data containing caseworker and self-report information on 100 mothers for whom neglect had been substantiated and was the primary referral concern. Cluster analysis was used to describe patterns of maternal behavior. Subsequent analysis was used to determine differences between the clusters on degree of neglect, maternal depression, perceived social support, and other demographic characteristics (income, education). RESULTS: Five distinct patterns of maternal behavior emerged, each with different ratings of maternal confidence, relatedness, impulse control, and willingness to engage in verbal interactions. The clusters differed on ratings of neglect, life stressors, resource problems and adult problems. The clusters were similar in terms of maternal education, number of children in the home, and monthly income. Additionally, women in all clusters reported similar levels of depression, similar number of children, and a comparable amount of social support. CONCLUSIONS: The five clusters are described and implications for intervention approaches are discussed.     

Neighborhood views on the definition and etiology of child maltreatment

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study, as part of a larger study on neighborhoods and child maltreatment, was to determine how parents residing in neighborhoods with differing profiles of risk for child maltreatment reports defined child abuse and neglect and viewed its etiology. METHOD: Parents (n = 400) were systematically selected from neighborhoods (n=20) with different profiles of risk for child maltreatment report rates. As part of a larger interview, parents were asked to generate lists of behaviors that they would define as child abuse and neglect and to rate 13 etiological factors on a 10 point scale as to their contribution to the occurrence of child maltreatment. RESULTS: While there were differences in definitional emphases, with African-American parents including behaviors of neglect and European-American parents including behaviors of physical abuse, there was marked congruence on the catalogue of behaviors that parents would define as child abuse and neglect. Four factors were identified that explained almost two-thirds of the variance in parents' etiological explanations: poverty and family disruption, substance abuse and stress; lack of moral and family values; and individual pathology. These factors were related to neighborhood conditions, individual perceptions of neighborhood and individual characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based programs aimed at preventing or ameliorating child maltreatment must have at their very core an understanding of how populations being served define child maltreatment and why they believe that it occurs.     

Character of HBV （hepatitis B virus） polymerase gene rtM204V／I and rtL180M mutation in patients with lamivudine resistance

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between HBV (hepatitis B virus) polymerase gene 180 and 204 sites mutation and lamivudine resistance. Methods: One hundred forty-one patients with lamivudine resistance after lamivudine treatment and 60 chronic hepatitis B patients without lamivudine treatment were enrolled in this study. The serum HBV DNA mutation was analyzed by sequence detection via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sequences of the same patient were analyzed before and after lamivudine treatment. Results: One hundred and nine lamivudine resistance patients had HBV YMDD (tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate) mutation. Among them, 45 patients had rtL180M/M204V mutation (41.28%), 28 patients had rtL 180M/M204I mutation (25.70%) and 36 patients had rtM204I mutation (33.02%). There were 6 patients with rtL180M mutation in 32 lamivudine resistance patients. Sixty chronic hepatitis patients without lamivudine treatment had no mutations. Conclusions: HBV mutations, which play an important role in lamivudine resistance usually locate at polymerase gene 204 site; 180 site mutation was also observed in these patients. Evaluation of the anti-virus therapy by surveillance of the two sites mutations is of importance.     

Improving DHH students' grammar through an individualized software program

The purpose of this study was to determine if the frequent use of a targeted, computer software grammar instruction program, used as an individualized classroom activity, would influence the comprehension of morphosyntax structures (determiners, tense, and complementizers) in deaf/hard-of-hearing (DHH) participants who use American Sign Language (ASL). Twenty-six students from an urban day school for the deaf participated in this study. Two hierarchical linear modeling growth curve analyses showed that the influence of LanguageLinks: Syntax Assessment and Intervention (LL) resulted in statistically significant gains in participants' comprehension of morphosyntax structures. Two dependent t tests revealed statistically significant results between the pre- and postintervention assessments on the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation-Norm Referenced. The daily use of LL increased the morphosyntax comprehension of the participants in this study and may be a promising practice for DHH students who use ASL.