Tandem Biocatalysis by CotA-TJ102@UIO-66-NH2 and Novozym 435 for Highly Selective Transformation of HMF into FDCA

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA) is a potential biorenewable chemical for applications including plastics, polyamides, drugs, etc. The selective biosynthesis of FDCA from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) by a specific enzyme poses a great challenge. In this study, we reported an efficient strategy to produce FDCA from HMF by the tandem biocatalysis of laccase(Cot A-TJ102@UIO-66-NH_2) and Novozym 435. For the first step, a nanoparticle metal–organic framework was synthesized as a carrier to immobilize Cot A-TJ102@UIO-66-NH_2, which was assigned for the production of 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid(FFCA) and featured an enzyme loading of 255.54 mg/g, specific activity of 135.90 U/mg, and solid loading ratio of 99.65%. Under optimal conditions, an ideal FFCA yield of 98.5% was achieved, and the Cot A-TJ102@UIO-66-NH_2 presented a high recycling capacity after 10 cycles. For the second step, Novozym 435 was applied for the further conversion of FFCA into FDCA, presenting a high FDCA yield of 95.5% under the optimized conditions. Novozym 435 also exhibited a high recyclability after eight cycles. As a result, the tandem biocatalysis strategy provided a 94.2% FDCA yield from HMF, indicating its excellence as a method for FDCA production.     

用Authorware构建多媒体软件框架的三种方法

文章介绍了在Authorware多媒体软件中实用性很好的组建整体结构的三种方法：常见交互图标应用法、导航图标应用法、文字超级链接法。将课件中的多种信息模块化地组织在一起，为课件制作者带来很大的方便性和灵活性，且在媒体软件制作方面有着广泛的应用。     

Investigation of iodine concentration in salt,water and soil along the coast of Zhejiang,China

Objective: We aim to describe the environment iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along Zhejiang Province coast in the China foreland. It will be helpful for us to judge whether this area is insufficient in iodine and universal iodized salt is necessary or not. Methods: We collected iodized salt samples, drinking water samples (tap water in the towns, and well water or spring water in the villages), water samples from different sources (ditches, lakes, rivers) and soil samples through random sampling in June, 2005. Salt, water and soil iodine was detected by arsenic-cerium redox method. Statistical analysis was expressed as mean±SEMby Windows SPSS 13.0. Results: (1) The iodine concentration in salt was 27.9±4.33 mg/kg (n=108). (2) Seventy-five water samples were collected. The water iodine value was 0.6～84.8 μg/L (mean of 11.66 μg/L). The watershed along the Qiantang River has significantly higher iodine content than the water in Lin'an in mountain area (P＜0.01). The iodine content and mean iodine content of tap water, well or spring water and natural water sources were 4.30±2.43 μg/L (n=34), 23.59±27.74 μg/L (n=19)and 12.72±10.72 μg/L (n=22) respectively. This indicated that among environmental water sources, the ditch iodine content was the highest with river water iodine being the lowest (P＜0.01). (3) Soil iodine value was 0.11～2.93 mg/kg (mean of 1.32 mg/kg).Though there was no statistical difference of soil iodine in different districts (P=0.131), soil iodine content correlated positively with water iodine content. Conclusion: Iodine concentration in salt accords with national policy of adding iodine in salt. Foreland has more iodine in water than mountain area. The data reflected that water and soil iodine in foreland area was not high, which suggests universal iodized salt should be necessary. Environment iodine has relatively close association with pollution.     

基于多Agent的自动工艺实现模型

近年来 ,产品各个加工过程的集成已经成为研究和工业生产的焦点 .本文提出了一种基于多Agent的自动工艺模型 ,使各个模块更能协调工作 ,达到资源、信息充分共享     

刚性常微分方程的数值解法在化学动力学中的应用

解刚性常微分方程已成为复杂化学反应研究的重要途径，本介绍了化学动力学计算中的刚性问题和数值解法，并着重讨论常用的吉尔(Gear)法和半隐式龙格库塔(Semi-implicit Runge-Kutta)法及其在化学动力学中的应用。     

对现代化教学技术在音乐教学中唯上的批判——兼论教师在音乐教学中的核心作用

在目前的音乐教育课程改革过程中,存在着对现代化教学技术手段的运用“唯上”的误区,如何走出这一误区?广大音乐教师应该有如下的意识:现代化教育技术的运用并不是一节有效音乐课实施的关键所在,音乐教育也不是只有运用了现代化教育技术才能有所作为,而新课程改革的重点更不是落在对现代化教育技术手段的运用上,音乐教师的教学艺术才是成就一堂高质量音乐课的关键因素。     

以学习为中心的外语教学模式构建

传统的外语教学是以"教师为中心"。它忽视学生的学习主体作用。随着语言学习理论的发展,又出现了"以学生为中心"的教学模式。但是这种模式不利于学生对知识的掌握。人们开始意识到教师或学生都不能成为教学过程的唯一聚焦点。外语教学主要在"学"。这就出现了"学习中心论"。以学习为中心的外语教学模式构建应考虑以下几个因素:学生的学,教师的指导,外界有利环境。特别要提的是,现在提倡的CBI教学理念有利于这种教学模式构建。     

美国中小学学校布局调整的缘由、现状与启示

美国中小学学校布局的调整主受三个因素驱动:城市化进程中的社会驱动、追求规模效益的经济驱动以及重视学生发展的教育驱动。美国中小学学校布局的调整取得了比较好的效果,但同时也存在着一些争议。在学校布局的调整中做到:理性对待学校布局调整中的经济效益;学校布局调整以学生的发展为本;构建学校布局调整的综合化理论模式。     

从语义范畴的角度看“想”与“考虑”的差异——基于对外汉语教学的词语辨析

运用框架语义学的理论和方法对＂想＂与＂考虑＂的义项进行描写和辨析,发现被已有工具书释作同义词的＂想（1）＂与＂考虑＂实际上只有一个义项相同：＂思考＂义。此外,＂考虑＂还有两个义项是＂想＂没有的：一是＂把……考虑进去（使……成为思考对象）＂;二是＂顾及＂,同为＂思考＂义时,二者亦有细微差异：＂想＂带有[＋想象]的义征,＂考虑＂带有[＋强度大]的义征。这些语义上的差异决定了二者用法上的种种不同。不懂这些语义差异是造成留学生混用这对词语的根本原因。     

论科学发展观对宪法及宪法学的影响

科学发展观作为中国特色社会主义理论体系的重要组成部分,所要解决的重大问题是中国的发展模式和发展目的问题。法律作为社会发展模式的一个组成部分,在法治化水平不高或法治模式正在建构的中国,应当顺应发展模式和发展目的的选择,这也为处于转型社会中的中国宪法的发展提供了新的契机。科学发展观具有宪法指导思想价值、宪法性方法论价值、保障基本人权价值。科学发展观将对中国宪法观念变革、宪法内容变化和宪政体制机制完善发生重要影响,将对宪法理论和宪法学体系产生重要影响。