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151.
James McLeskey David Hoppey Pamela Williamson Tarcha Rentz 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2004,19(2):109-115
The inclusion of students with learning disabilities (LD) remains one of the more controversial issues in special education. Although research evidence seems to reveal that students with LD should spend most of the school day in the general education classroom, little data are available regarding the extent to which states are moving toward educating these students in less restrictive settings. This investigation was conducted to examine national and state data related to changes that occurred during the 1990s in educating students with LD in less restrictive settings. The results revealed that little change occurred across the United States as a whole, and that only 15 states moved toward educating students with LD in less restrictive settings during this time. The findings of this investigation further revealed that much of the apparent movement toward educating students with LD in general education classrooms is largely an illusion, explained primarily by the increasing identification rate for students with LD. The implications of these findings for future research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
152.
Ray A. Williamson 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1999,13(3-4):211-225
The pace of technology development in fields other than historic preservation has generally outstripped that of historic preservation, resulting in a predominant flow from those fields into historic preservation practice. This chapter summarizes some of the major trends in technology transfer and explores some of the issues that the increased use of advanced technologies brings to the practice of historic preservation. It also examines the relationship of the development of technologies for historic preservation to public policy. 相似文献
153.
John Williamson 《Educational studies》1995,21(1):3-12
The issue of writing in accordance with the conventions of standard English usage is one which is becoming increasingly prominent, with changes in the National Curriculum in English reflecting concerns about correctness in language. The present study examines the writing of a group of Year 11 pupils to examine the nature of the deviance of their writing from standard English patterns and, in particular, to assess the impact of non‐standard dialect forms on their written work. Errors in writing are seen to be very largely attributable to difficulties with such aspects of the system as punctuation, spelling and other orthographic features. There is evidence of non‐standard dialect influences on grammar and vocabulary but these are relatively slight, and, it is argued, should not be the prime concern of teachers interested in meeting the demands of the National Curriculum with regard to writing. 相似文献
154.
155.
John Williamson 《Educational studies》1990,16(3):251-260
The issue of the use of Standard English in writing, and the influence of non‐standard dialects on pupils’ ability to write in Standard English, has gained renewed prominence with the publication of a number of reports leading up to the advent of the National Curriculum in English. This article analyses the free writing of a group of 11 year‐olds in an inner‐city school in Newcastle upon Tyne in terms of the extent to which it conforms to Standard English writing conventions. The influence of non‐standard dialect on performance in writing has been found to be relatively minor; many of the children plainly do have difficulties, but they are more frequently related to difficulties in mastering aspects of the writing system itself than to bi‐dialectalism. 相似文献
156.
Raulie Lo Craig Locatis Eldon Ullmer Victor Carr Richard Banvard Quang Le Matthew Williamson Michael Ackerman 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1992,40(2):69-76
AuthorBase, a working prototype database of authoring system software, was developed as part of a study of authoring software
conducted by the National Library of Medicine. In this article, the authors discuss development issues ranging from the scope
of the database to what information to document. The prototype demonstrates that records of reasonable integrity can be derived
from vendor-supplied information. However, users should understand that the database is only a starting point in searching
for authoring software and a resource for becoming generally familiar with the technology. 相似文献
157.
The establishment of two Senior Colleges in Western Australia in 1983 provided adult students with an alternative route to conventional schooling for completing matriculation requirements for entry to higher education. An evaluation of the Colleges involved large samples of students and staff and the triangulation of information obtained by different researchers working independently and using a variety of methods (interview, questionnaires, nominal groups, classroom and school climate assessments). The study attested to the success of the Senior Colleges in creating a positive ethos suited to its adult students and in allowing previously unqualified people to enter higher education and succeed. 相似文献
158.
Alan Williamson 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1992,38(1):65-80
This article analyses the role of education in incorporating Australia's Melanesian minority, the Torres Strait Islanders, into the Australian nation. The analysis begins with the introduction of Queensland government schooling into Torres Strait in 1892, which fostered expectations of Queensland citizenship and employment opportunities available to other races in the economy of the Strait. From 1904 to the outbreak of world war II in the Pacific in 1942 these early directions were altered by educational policies which initially sought to train Islanders for a life in the Islands as a race apart from the rest of Australia. Subsequent syllabus reforms, paralleling but not equalling regular schooling offered in Queensland, did not meet Islanders' aspirations for proper schooling and the jobs they expected would flow from it. Following world war II, regulations confining Islanders to the Strait were relaxed and many migrated to the Queensland mainland in search of better jobs, better pay, and better education for their children. Those who remained in the Islands received an education which, by 1985, had been brought up to the mainland standard. Yet, neither group's educational aspirations were satisfied despite initiatives and financial incentives of the Commonwealth government aimed at keeping Islander children at school. The article concludes that the way ahead for Islanders in staking out their educational future in the Australian nation on a basis of equality with other Australians lies in educational developments in the Islands themselves, where Islanders are playing an active role in developing, managing, and guiding schooling in directions which recognise their identity and their citizenship aspirations.
Zusammenfassung In diesem Artikel wird untersucht, inwieweit das Erziehungswesen die Integration der Bewohner der Torres-Inseln, der melanesischen Minderheit Australiens, in die australische Nation beeinflußt. Die Analyse befaßt sich zunächst mit der Einführung des Schulsystems auf die Torres-Inseln 1892 durch die Regierung von Queensland, wodurch Hoffnungen auf eine Staatsbürgerschaft von Queensland verstärkt wurden sowie auf Einstiegsmöglichkeiten in den Arbeitsmarkt, die denen der anderen Rassen der Inseln gleichwertig wären. Von 1904 bis zum Ausbruch des 2. Weltkrieges im Pazifik 1942 wurden diese frühen Ansätze durch eine Bildungspolitik geändert, die die Insulaner ursprünglich für ein Leben auf den Inseln als eine vom übrigen Australien abgetrennte Rasse vorbereiten sollte. Nachfolgende Reformen des Lehrplans, die parallel zu dem herkömmlichen, in Queensland praktizierten Schulwesen verliefen, aber nicht gleichwertig waren, hielten den Ansprüchen der Insulaner an eine ordentliche Schulbildung und den daraus abgeleiteten Hoffnungen auf bessere Arbeitsstellen nicht stand. Nach dem 2. Weltkrieg wurden Bestimmungen, die eine Abwanderung der Insulaner von den Inseln untersagten, gelockert and viele zogen auf der Suche nach besseren Arbeitsplätzen, höheren Löhnen und qualifizierterer Ausbildung für ihre Kinder nach Queensland. Den auf den Inseln Verbliebenen stellte man ein Schulsystem zur Verfügung, das bis 1985 dem Niveau des Festlandes angeglichen wurde. Die Erwartungen beider Gruppen bezüglich des Bildungswesens wurden jedoch trotzdem nicht erfüllt, obwohl die Commonwealth-Regierung Initiativen und finanzielle Anreize bot, um die Kinder der Bewohner in der Schule zu halten. Fazit dieses Artikels: Der Schlüssel der Insulaner zu einer mit der Ausbildung anderer Australier gleichzusetzenden erzieherischen Zukunft liegt in der Entwicklung des Schulwesens auf den Inseln selbst, wobei die Insulaner bei Entwicklung, Verwaltung und Leitung des Schulwesens bis hin zu einer Anerkennung ihrer Identität und ihres Strebens nach Staatsbürgerschaft aktiv mitwirken sollten.
Résumé Le présent article analyse le rôle de l'éducation dans l'insertion de la minorité mélanésienne, les insulaires du Détroit de Torrès, dans la nation australienne. L'analyse commence par l'introduction du système scolaire de l'Etat du Queensland dans le Détroit de Torrès en 1892, qui a encouragé les attentes de citoyenneté du Queensland et les possibilités d'emploi offertes aux autres races dans l'économie du Détroit. De 1904 à 1942, début de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale dans le Pacifique, ces premières orientations ont fait place à des politiques éducatives qui cherchaient au départ à former les insulaires à la vie dans les îles, en tant que race à part du reste du pays. Les réformes éducatives qui suivirent, parallèles mais non égales au système éducatif régulier en vigueur dans le Queensland, n'ont pas satisfait les aspirations des insulaires à une véitable éducation et aux métiers qui'ils pensaient obtenier grâce à celle-ci. Après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, les lois confinant les insulaires au Détroit de Torrès ont été mitigées et beaucoup émigrèrent sur le continent, dans le Queensland, en quête d'un meilleur emploi, d'un meilleur salaire et d'une meilleure éducation pour leurs enfants. Ceux étant restés dans les îles reçurent une éducation dont le niveau équivalait, en 1985, à celui exigé sur le continent. Toutefois, les aspirations éducatives des groupes n'ont pas été satisfaites malgré les initiatives et les incitations financières du gouvernement du Commonwealth visant à encourager les enfants des îles à rester à l'école. Cet article conclut que le moyen pour les insulaires de définir leur avenir éducatif au sein de la nation australienne, au même titre que les autres Australiens, réside dans la promotion de l'éducation dans les îles elles-mêmes, où les insulaires jouent un rôle actif dans le développement, l'administration et l'orientation de l'instruction dans des directions traduisant leur identité et leurs aspirations en matière de citoyenneté.相似文献
159.
Walton E. Williamson 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1976,302(4):379-380
The paper describes methods of carrying out the minimum weight design of finned surfaces of various types. For each type of surface (flat, cylindrical, etc.) two cases are considered. First, a method is described by which it is possible to obtain the optimum surface profile of fins required to dissipate a certain amount of heat from the given surface, there being no restriction on the fin height. This analysis is then extended for the case when the fin height is given. The solutions are presented for a number of cases and the results are discussed to illustrate the importance of various parameters in the design. 相似文献
160.
Ben Williamson 《教育政策杂志》2021,36(1):129-154
ABSTRACT Psychology and economics are powerful sources of expert knowledge in contemporary governance. Social and emotional learning (SEL) is becoming a priority in education policy in many parts of the world. Based on the enumeration of students’ ‘noncognitive’ skills, SEL consists of a ‘psycho-economic’ combination of psychometrics with economic analysis, and is producing novel forms of statistical ‘psychodata’ about students. Constituted by an expanding infrastructure of technologies, metrics, people, money and policies, SEL has travelled transnationally through the advocacy of psychologists, economists, and behavioural scientists, with support from think tank coalitions, philanthropies, software companies, investment schemes, and international organizations. The article examines the emerging SEL infrastructure, identifying how psychological and economics experts are producing policy-relevant scientific knowledge and statistical psychodata to influence the direction of SEL policies. It examines how the OECD Study on Social and Emotional Skills, a large-scale computer-based assessment, makes ‘personality’ an international focus for policy intervention and ‘human capital’ formation, thereby translating measurable socio-emotional indicators into predicted socio-economic outcomes. The SEL measurement infrastructure instantiates psychological governance within education, one underpinned by a political rationality in which society is measured effectively through scientific fact-finding and subjects are managed affectively through psychological intervention. 相似文献