The Development of Measures of Individual Differences in Self-Regulatory Control and Their Relationship to Academic Performance

Two studies are reported describing the development and validation of the Strategic Flexibility Questionnaire (SFQ): a self-report instrument aimed at eliciting students’ beliefs about the need for, and conditional nature of, self-regulatory control over learning. In Study 1, 281 first-year university education students completed a 40-item pilot questionnaire. Factor analysis of responses revealed a 21-item instrument indicating three types of control beliefs: adaptive executive control, inflexible executive control, and irresolute executive control. In Study 2, the predictive validity of these conceptions was tested against the academic performance of 105 third-year university education students. Results indicated that students reporting adaptive executive control beliefs were more successful academically, while those students reporting inflexible or irresolute control beliefs were significantly less successful academically.     

优秀耐力运动员逐级递增负荷运动中心钠素与心血管功能变化的研究

本文采用放射免疫方法测定血浆心钠素与采用超声心动法测定心功能相结合,对10名优秀的耐力运动员和10名普通大学生进行了逐级递增负荷运动试验,以探讨运动中心脏内分泌与心血管功能的变化及其相互关系。结果发现:心脏不仅是心钠素的产生和释放部位,也是心钠素作用的靶器官之一。     

运动应激性溃疡及其机制的实验研究

研究目的:探讨运动应激性胃溃疡的病理生理特点及其机制。材料和方法:健康雌性SD大鼠为实验材料,研究了大鼠运动应激性胃溃疡模型的建立,力竭性运动所致应激性胃溃疡的产生规律、表现形式及特点,运动应激性胃溃疡的产生机制。结果:①游泳组动物运动时间(167.1±63.33min)显著长于跑台跑组(40.71±30.34min)(P<0.05),胃溃疡分数显著升高(游泳组13.8±11.89;跑台跑组5.67±6.896)(P<0.05)。②力竭性游泳运动所致的运动应激性胃粘膜损伤,呈点状或条索状的出血或溃烂,多位于粘膜的皱褶处,且大多与胃的纵轴平行;扫描电镜显示胃粘膜细胞破坏严重,形成空泡状或碎片状。③大鼠力竭性游泳运动前后不同时间内胃粘膜损伤的分数分别为:运动前为0;后即刻为15.22±10.58;30分钟为15.75±4.35;后3小进为12.2±7.26;后24小时为0;后100小时为0。腹腔注射盐酸肾上腺素0.3ml(1mg/ml)前、后30分、3小时胃粘膜损伤分数分别为:0,20±5.26,20±6.32。也呈点状或条状出血或溃烂。④对照组大鼠胃组织内一氧化氮含量及一氧化氮合酶的活性分别为10.68±4.31μmol/gprotein和6.02±1.09U/mgprotein;实验组分别为17.79±9.24μmol/gprotein(P<0.05)和9.13±3.63U/mgprotein(P<0.05)。⑤力竭性游泳运动后即刻胃组织中的钙含量(898±153     

The Uncertain Future for Digital Visual Collections in the University

Digital documents in the networked information environment fundamentally change the ways that visual materials can be used in education and scholarly discourse. These new uses raise questions about research library strategies with regard to digitized visual materials as a part of their collections, challenge assumptions underlying intellectual property rights for images and their scope, and offer ways in which visual literacy can become a more integral part of the common educational experience.     

Gardening as a cognitive activity

Gardening and children are a natural combination; children love to play in the dirt, and are fascinated by growing things. The benefits of having a garden can go beyond the fresh vegetables and flowers, a lot can be learned in the process. Although skills involved in planting and caring for the garden and acquiring a rudimentary knowledge of biology are obvious benefits, many other cognitive skills can be introduced or reinforced with a garden project.Deborah G. Ventis is Associate Professor of Psychology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburgh, VA.