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Victoria J. Molfese Jennifer L. Beswick Jill L. Jacobi-Vessels Natalie E. Armstrong Brittany L. Culver Jamie M. White Melissa C. Ferguson Kathleen Moritz Rudasill Dennis L. Molfese 《Reading and writing》2011,24(2):133-150
The writing skills of 286 children (157 female and 129 male) were studied by comparing name writing and letter writing scores
from preschool to kindergarten with letter and word reading scores over the same time period. Two rubrics for scoring writing
were compared to determine if scores based on multiple components (i.e., letter formation, orientation on the vertical axis,
left–right orientation, and correct letter sequencing) would better reflect differences in children’s writing knowledge in
preschool and kindergarten than rubrics composed of one component (i.e., letter formation only). While developmental changes
in writing scores were found, little additional information was provided by multiple component scoring rubrics compared to
the single component rubric. Letter writing scores were more strongly related to letter and word reading scores than name
writing scores but neither writing score was predictive of growth. Implications of the findings for intentional/systematic
writing instruction in preschool curricula are discussed. 相似文献
134.
A pilot study examining holistic wellness factors and drinking behaviors among undergraduate students revealed several significant relationships. Two second‐order wellness factors of the Indivisible Self model of wellness—Coping Self and Essential Self—were negatively associated with both alcohol use intensity and drinking consequences. Implications for college counselors and for further research are considered. 相似文献
135.
Hughes PP Sherrill C Myers B Rowe N Marshall D 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2003,74(2):153-164
Martial arts and self-defense programs train fearful people, especially women, to be more competent and confident to defend themselves in dangerous situations. However, there are no validated instruments to evaluate the effectiveness of programs purporting to teach self-protection. The Perceptions of Dangerous Situations Scale (PDSS), composed of fear, likelihood and confidence subscales, was developed and validated for university women. Participants were 368 university women, ages 17 to 45 years (M age = 20.7 years). Content validity of the PDSS was established through an expert panel, and construct validity was established through principal components analysis and determination of instructional sensitivity. Reliability was established through alpha coefficients. The PDSS, when used with university women, offers promising measurement opportunities in self-defense and martial arts settings. 相似文献
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T McMorris S Myers W W MacGillivary J R Sexsmith J Fallowfield J Graydon D Forster 《Journal of sports sciences》1999,17(8):667-676
The main aim of this study was to compare the decision-making performance of college soccer players on a soccer-specific, tachistoscopically presented test, at rest and while exercising at their adrenaline threshold and at their maximum power output. These were determined following an incremental test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. After the initial maximum power test, participants (n = 9) were allowed 10 habituation trials on the soccer decision-making test. Participants' decision-making performance was tested at rest, while cycling at a power output that had previously been determined to elicit their adrenaline threshold and while cycling at maximum power output. Accuracy and speed of decision were the dependent variables. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance showed no significant effect of exercise on accuracy, and showed speed of decision to be significantly affected by exercise. Tukey post-hoc tests showed that speed of decision at rest was significantly slower than in the other two conditions, which did not differ significantly from one another. Based on allocatable resources theories of arousal and performance, we conclude that the adrenaline threshold may be indicative of increases in the resources available to the individual. Furthermore, we considered that exercise at maximum power output may only induce a moderate rather than a high level of arousal. 相似文献
138.
Gareth Turner Barry W Fudge Jamie S M Pringle Neil S Maxwell Alan J Richardson 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(2):163-172
This study sought to establish perceptions of elite endurance athletes on the role and worth of altitude training. Elite British endurance runners were surveyed to identify the altitude and hypoxic training methods utilised, along with reasons for use, and any situational, cultural and behaviour factors influencing these. Prior to the 2012 Olympics Games, 39 athletes and 20 support staff (coaches/practitioners) completed an internet-based survey to establish differences between current practices and the accepted “best-practice”. Almost all of the athletes (98%) and support staff (95%) surveyed had utilised altitude and hypoxic training, or had advised it to athletes. 75% of athletes believed altitude and hypoxia to be a “very important” factor in their training regime, with 50% of support staff believing the same. Athletes and support staff were in agreement of the methods of altitude training utilised (i.e. 'hypoxic dose’ and strategy), with camps lasting 3–4 weeks at 1,500–2,500 m being the most popular. Athletes and support staff are utilising altitude and hypoxic training methods in a manner agreeing with research-based suggestions. The survey identified a number of specific challenges and priorities, which could provide scope to optimise future altitude training methods for endurance performance in these elite groups. 相似文献
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Stressors, coping, and coping effectiveness: gender, type of sport, and skill differences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this study was to examine stressors, coping, and coping effectiveness as a function of gender, type of sport, and skill. The sample consisted of 749 undergraduate athletes (455 males, 294 females) aged 18-38 years (mean= 19.8 years). Skill was classified as international/national, county, university, and club standard. Participants completed a stressor and coping concept map (Novak & Gowin, 1984). The results revealed gender, type of sport, and skill differences in relation to stressor frequencies, coping strategy deployment, and coping effectiveness. In contrast to previous research, females used a variety of problem-focused (e.g. planning, communication, technique-orientated coping) strategies more frequently than males. Team sport athletes reported a variety of sport-specific stressors relating to the demands of playing in a team environment. The group of national/international athletes reported using more planning, blocking, and visualization, and also reported that their coping was more effective than that of less-skilled athletes. 相似文献