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51.
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Blumenthal JL Mays BE Weinfeld JM Banks MA Shaffer J 《Medical reference services quarterly》2005,24(2):95-102
As academic health sciences libraries assume larger roles in informatics instruction within medical school curricula, librarians are challenged to develop useful and accurate measures for assessing the effectiveness of instructional approaches. The need for this evaluation has intensified as medical schools increase their emphasis on integration of curriculum content and shift to competency-based education and assessment of medical students. This paper reports on a pilot project developed at Dahlgren Memorial Library, Georgetown University Medical Center, for two courses using an instructional intervention and tailored assignment for assessing student competencies. 相似文献
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We hypothesized that college major persistence would be predicted by first-year academic performance and an interest-major
composite score that is derived from a student’s entering major and two work task scores. Using a large data set representing
25 four-year institutions and nearly 50,000 students, we randomly split the sample into an estimation sample and a validation
sample. Using the estimation sample, we found major-specific coefficients corresponding to the two work task scores that optimized
the prediction of major persistence. Then, we applied the estimated coefficients to the validation sample to form an interest-major
composite score representing the likelihood of persisting in entering major. Using the validation sample, we then tested a
theoretical model for major persistence that incorporated academic preparation, the interest-major composite score, and first-year
academic performance. The results suggest that (1) interest-major fit and first-year academic performance work to independently
predict whether a student will stay in their entering major and (2) the relative importance of two work task scores in predicting
major persistence depends on the entering major. The results support Holland’s theory of person-environment fit and suggest
that academic performance and interest-major fit are key constructs for understanding major persistence behavior. 相似文献
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This study reports on an analysis of the relation between kindergarten children's developing theory of mind and their understanding of characters' actions and consciousness in story narrative, based on Bruner's (1986) notion of the dual landscapes of action and consciousness. Wordless picture books were used to model these two aspects of narrative through the direct portrayal of action and thought by way of thought bubbles and adults' explicit metacognitive talk. Children were asked to retell stories following both an experimenter's and the teacher's initial storytelling. Children's ability to coordinate story characters' thoughts, beliefs and intentions (consciousness) was measured by the frequency of reference to both the character's action or presence and the content of his/her thought bubbles in the stories. Results of the analyses revealed relations among children's age, language ability, non-verbal intelligence, theory of mind development, and their ability to coordinate consciousness and action in the stories. Younger children who have less developed theory of mind more often retold just the action in the real world without reference to thought, or else described the scene depicted within the thought bubble without reference to the character who held the thought. Implications for education, such as teaching children to talk about the mind, are discussed. 相似文献
57.
The inconsistencies of regulation and inspection in UK early childhood services are examined. The rationale and regulatory requirements for daycare put forward by the Department of Health are compared with those currently operating within the Department for Education and Employment for schools and nursery education. The policy frameworks within the two departments are based on different assumptions about practice and lead to major inconsistencies of delivery. A more coherent policy is needed to resolve these inconsistencies. 相似文献
58.
Chris Cloke Margaret Farren Janette Barrington 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1996,27(2):84-91
Two evaluations of Interactive Programmes are presented. Both studies involved groups of learners interacting with each other and with LaserVision software. However, the contexts of the programmes are different: one concerns counselling skills for student teachers, the other is a geography simulation programme. The evaluations identified the power of the medium to present powerful images. The issues of programme structure and group interaction are discussed. Although structures of these programmes are simple, there appears to be merit in them if they are managed well by teachers. 相似文献
59.
Wei Dan Zhang Danhui He Jingwen Bobis Janette 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2020,35(3):703-725
European Journal of Psychology of Education - According to the self-determination theory, autonomy-supportive teaching is considered an effective approach to motivate students to learn. The present... 相似文献
60.
Libby AM Orton HD Beals J Buchwald D Manson SM;AI-SUPERPFP Team 《Child abuse & neglect》2008,32(2):195-211
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship of childhood physical and sexual abuse with reported parenting satisfaction and parenting role impairment later in life among American Indians (AIs). METHODS: AIs from Southwest and Northern Plains tribes who participated in a large-scale community-based study (n=3,084) were asked about traumatic events and family history; those with children were asked questions about their parenting experiences. Regression models estimated the relationships between childhood abuse and parenting satisfaction or parenting role impairment, and tested for mediation by depression or substance use disorders. RESULTS: Lifetime substance use disorder fully mediated the relationship between childhood physical abuse and both parenting satisfaction and parenting role impairment in the Northern Plains tribe. There was only partial mediation between childhood sexual abuse and parenting role impairment in the Southwest. In both tribes, lifetime depression did not meet the criteria for mediation of the relationship between childhood abuse and the two parenting outcomes. Instrumental and perceived social support significantly enhanced parenting satisfaction; negative social support reduced satisfaction and increased the likelihood of parenting role impairment. Exposure to parental violence while growing up had deleterious effects on parenting outcomes. Mothers and fathers did not differ significantly in the relation of childhood abuse experience and later parenting outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Strong effects of social support and mediation of substance abuse disorders in the Northern Plains offer direct ways in which childhood victims of abuse could be helped to avoid negative attributes of parenting that could put their own children at risk. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Mothers were not significantly different from fathers in the relation of abusive childhood experiences and later parenting outcomes, indicating both are candidates for interventions. Strong effects of social support offer avenues for interventions to parents. The prevalence of substance use disorders and their role as a mediator of two parenting outcomes in the Northern Plains should focus special attention on substance use treatment, especially among those who experienced childhood victimization. These factors offer direct ways in which childhood victims of abuse can be helped to avoid negative attributes of parenting that could put their own children at risk of violence. 相似文献