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111.
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ABSTRACTMichel Foucault argued that females gradually became integrated into the sphere of medical practices through a process which he termed as a ‘hysterization of women’s bodies’ (Foucault, The History of Sexuality, Volume One: An Introduction, New York: Pantheon Books, 1978, 104). In this article, we draw on Foucault to examine how women’s bodies, exercise and motherhood impacted on the historical development of female football in New Zealand within two time periods (1921 and 1973–1975). Employing his genealogical framework, we analyze newspaper reports, historical documents and conducted in-depth interviews to demonstrate how medical/scientific discourses both constrained and enabled the participation of women in football. We conclude that while medical knowledge was used to publicly disqualify the legitimacy of the female footballer in 1921, and hence her abrupt disappearance from the sporting realm, the absence of such medical knowledge in the early 1970s, combined with societal changes associated with second wave feminism, paved the way for the eventual ‘normalization’ of female football in New Zealand. 相似文献
113.
Danuta Ro?? Przemys?aw Adamczyk Joanna Boinska Robert Szafkowski Irena Ponikowska Katarzyna Stankowska Barbara Góralczyk Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(5):404-411
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the degree of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with morbid obesity exposed to a three-week low-calorie diet and balneotherapy.Methods
The study included 33 patients (25 females and 8 males; mean age 46 years) with body mass index (BMI) values of >40 kg/m2. Evaluations of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, and fasting glucose were carried out before (baseline data) and three weeks after the treatment. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers (15 females and 5 males) with a mean age of 39 years and BMI values of ≤24.9 kg/m2.Results
In the blood of patients with morbid obesity we found significantly elevated levels of CRP, TNF-α, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and fasting glucose, but a decreased level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, compared with the healthy individuals. The treatment resulted in about a 9.4% reduction in body weight from 122.5 to 111.0 kg and a significant decrease in the concentration of CRP, but no change in TNF-α or IL-6. HOMA-IR was significantly reduced.Conclusion
The decrease in CRP level without changes in TNF-α or IL-6 concentrations after the low-calorie diet and balneological treatment, suggests that an essential amount of adipose tissue must be removed before proper adipocyte function is restored. The decrease in HOMA-IR indicates an improvement in insulin sensitivity, which is beneficial in obese patients.114.
115.
Ruszkowska B Gadomska G Bielis L Gruszka M Góralczyk B Rość D Odrowąż-Sypniewska G 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(1):12-17
Objective
The influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on hemostasis processes depends on the type of hormone, the combination of doses, the time of taking HRT, and the route of administration (oral, transdermal, implanted). The aim of the current study was to assess some parameters of coagulation, especially tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and tissue factor (TF) in postmenopausal women using oral or transdermal HRT. 相似文献116.
This article reports a study on the China-Canada-United States English Immersion (CCUEI) Moral Education and Social Studies
(MESS) curriculum materials for elementary classes (Grades 3–6) with the aim of learning how the curriculum addressed the
dual goals of MESS content and English language learning. An analysis comparing the CCUEI third grade MESS textbook with an
equivalent level Chinese textbook demonstrates how China’s national standards in MESS and English education can be met, and
drawbacks encountered in the process. The CCUEI textbook was found to embrace grade level MESS content standards, but showed
a varied degree of depth of content across standards. The textbook addressed all of the general goals of Level One English
language learning (Grades 3–4) and most of the language skills indicators (16 out of 20). An additional in-depth teacher survey
provided a user’s perspective on MESS materials. The teachers rated the textbook highly for its activity-centered format and
knowledge-rich content. They emphasized the importance of teaching English language as preparation for the MESS content teaching,
and asked for more systematic support in language teaching from curriculum materials. 相似文献
117.
Video game learning dynamics: Actionable measures of multidimensional learning trajectories
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Debbie Denise Reese Barbara G. Tabachnick Robert E. Kosko 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2015,46(1):98-122
Valid, accessible, reusable methods for instructional video game design and embedded assessment can provide actionable information enhancing individual and collective achievement. Cyberlearning through game‐based, metaphor‐enhanced learning objects (CyGaMEs) design and embedded assessment quantify player behavior to study knowledge discovery and application. CyGaMEs is grounded by analogical reasoning theory, cognitive task analysis and knowledge representation. A construct representation argument for validity using evidence‐centered design warrants CyGaMEs, its web‐based learning environment, Selene: A Lunar Construction GaME, its embedded assessment, and a learning dynamics approach to student, measurement and statistical models. Two studies (US volunteers, Study 1: n = 267, mean (M)age = 15; Study 2: n = 90, Mage = 12) cross‐validate learning dynamics (learner progress, rate of progress and changes in that rate) for Selene's multidimensional goals while players learn and apply standard‐based science about fundamental geology and space science concepts. Gameplay data analyzed using regression, calculus and hierarchical linear modeling exhibit overall relatively high standardized rates of progress toward each goal statistically higher than zero. For example, adjusting for nesting within individual players, average rate of progress toward the goal of accreting lunar mass is a z‐score of 1.4 (99% confidence interval = 1.40lower, 1.48upper) or 1.4 standard deviations above zero. 相似文献
118.
Barbara M. Grant 《高等教育研究与发展》2015,34(1):225-227
119.
Genetic and Environmental Etiologies of the Longitudinal Relations Between Prereading Skills and Reading
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Micaela E. Christopher Jacqueline Hulslander Brian Byrne Stefan Samuelsson Janice M. Keenan Bruce Pennington John C. DeFries Sally J. Wadsworth Erik Willcutt Richard K. Olson 《Child development》2015,86(2):342-361
The present study explored the environmental and genetic etiologies of the longitudinal relations between prereading skills and reading and spelling. Twin pairs (n = 489) were assessed before kindergarten (M = 4.9 years), post‐first grade (M = 7.4 years), and post‐fourth grade (M = 10.4 years). Genetic influences on five prereading skills (print knowledge, rapid naming, phonological awareness, vocabulary, and verbal memory) were primarily responsible for relations with word reading and spelling. However, relations with post‐fourth‐grade reading comprehension were due to both genetic and shared environmental influences. Genetic and shared environmental influences that were common among the prereading variables covaried with reading and spelling, as did genetic influences unique to verbal memory (only post‐fourth‐grade comprehension), print knowledge, and rapid naming. 相似文献
120.