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The demands on the primary school teacher in delivering the National Curriculum in England and Wales at Key Stage 2 (KS 2) for children aged 7‐11 years are considerable. Public debate concerning teacher subject knowledge and understanding, particularly in science, has raised the issue of the need for increased specialism in the primary school. A core element of this debate has focused on how to develop teacher subject knowledge for the effective delivery of the Programme of Study (POS) at KS 2 for practising teachers. This has resulted in the increased provision of in‐service courses in higher education and has also impacted significantly on course content in initial teacher training. This paper relates to the ‘The Earth and Beyond’ POS exploring factors which contribute to developing teachers’ understanding of basic astronomical events. Results indicate that providing teachers with the necessary skills and confidence to teach this aspect of science effectively is much more complex than simply explicating science content knowledge. The findings suggest that what is needed is the explicit recognition of key features in supporting learning. These are identified and the implications for teacher education are discussed. 相似文献
324.
W. W. Parker 《The Educational forum》2013,77(1):118-119
The Schools That Fear Built by David Nevin and Robert E. Bills. Washington, D.C.: Acropolis Books Ltd., 1976. 186pp. $10.00. Ideology and Education by Richard Pratte. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1977.305 pp. Helping Students Help Themselves: How You Can Put Behavior Analysis Into Action in Your Classroom by Dwight L. Goodwin and Thomas J. Coates. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976. 205 pp. The Politics of Higher Education: Lawmakers and the Academy in Illinois by James Dunlap Nowian. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1977. 109 pp. $2.95. Education for Human Development: Understanding Montessori by Mario M. Montessori, Jr. New York: Schocken Books, 1977. 119pp. $7.95. Gaming: The Future's Language by Richard D. Duke. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Halsted Press Division, 1974. 223 pp. $11.50. Teacher Expectations and Pupil Learning by Roy Nash. Boston: Routledge &; Kegan Paul, 1976. 89 pp. $7.75. 相似文献
325.
Lisa A. Keller Robert R. Keller Pauline A. Parker 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(1):30-52
This study investigates the comparability of two item response theory based equating methods: true score equating (TSE), and estimated true equating (ETE). Additionally, six scaling methods were implemented within each equating method: mean-sigma, mean-mean, two versions of fixed common item parameter, Stocking and Lord, and Haebara. Empirical test data were examined to investigate the consistency of scores resulting from the two equating methods, as well as the consistency of the scaling methods both within equating methods and across equating methods. Results indicate that although the degree of correlation among the equated scores was quite high, regardless of equating method/scaling method combination, non-trivial differences in equated scores existed in several cases. These differences would likely accumulate across examinees making group-level differences greater. Systematic differences in the classification of examinees into performance categories were observed across the various conditions: ETE tended to place lower ability examinees into higher performance categories than TSE, while the opposite was observed for high ability examinees. Because the study was based on one set of operational data, the generalizability of the findings is limited and further study is warranted. 相似文献
326.
Viv Parker 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(3):275-284
In England and Wales the Code of Practice on the Identification and Assessment of Special Educational Needs, and the role of the special needs coordinator, are well established at statutory level, but they are neither universal nor well established in the higher education (HE) sector. Where disability services do exist in HE, they vary in staffing, policy and practices, and disability coordinators have many concerns about the service they provide. In Australia the tertiary sector has recently developed a code of practice for students with disabilities, and in the USA the Association on Higher Education and Disability has developed a code of ethics for its members. A survey of HE disability coordinators on the issues and dilemmas experienced in their work and their views on the need for a code of ethics was undertaken in February 1998 by Skill (National Bureau for Students with Disabilities) and the University of East London. The findings and proposed strategies are discussed in the light of current initiatives for disability services in HE. 相似文献
327.
Debate continues over the benefits, or otherwise, of single-sex classes in science and mathematics, particularly for the performance of girls. Previous research and analyses of the circumstances surrounding the implementation of single-sex classes warn that the success of the strategy requires due consideration of the nature of the instructional environment for both boys and girls, together with appropriate support for the teachers involved. This article reports the circumstances under which teachers were able to implement gender-inclusive strategies in single-sex science classes in coeducational high schools and documents some of the difficulties faced. The study was part of the Single-Sex Education Pilot Project (SSEPP) in ten high schools in rural and urban Western Australia. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered during the project from teachers, students and classroom observations. Overall, it was apparent that single-sex grouping created environments in which teachers could implement gender-inclusive science instructional strategies more readily and effectively than in mixed-sex settings. Teachers were able to address some of the apparent shortcomings of the students' previous education (specifically, the poor written and oral communication of boys and the limited experience of girls with 'hands-on' activities and open-ended problem solving). Further, in same-sex classrooms, sexual harassment which inhibited girls' learning was eliminated. The extent to which teachers were successful in implementing gender-inclusive instructional strategies, however, depended upon their prior commitment to the SSEPP as a whole, and upon the support or obstacles encountered from a variety of sources, including parents, the community, students, and non-SSEPP teachers. 相似文献
328.
Michele A. Parker Abdou Ndoye Scott R. Imig 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(4):329-341
For this study the researchers used data from the 2006 North Carolina Teacher Working Conditions survey to investigate the possible relationship between mentoring and intentionality with respect to beginning teachers’ intentions to remain in the profession. The sample consists of 8838 teachers who were mentored during their first two years of teaching. To determine whether the quality of mentoring is related to teachers’ intentions to stay or leave the profession, mentor matching, degree of support, and frequency of interactions were variables examined. Beginning teachers who were matched by grade level, who received assistance with the supports investigated, and who met with mentors at least once monthly for the specified activities were more likely to commit to remaining in the profession than their peers who had received less support. 相似文献
329.
Virtual Professional Learning Communities: Teachers’ Perceptions of Virtual Versus Face-to-Face Professional Development 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Tom J. McConnell Joyce M. Parker Jan Eberhardt Matthew J. Koehler Mary A. Lundeberg 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2013,22(3):267-277
Research suggests that professional development that engages teachers in instructional inquiry over an extended time through collaborative professional learning communities (PLCs) is effective in improving instruction and student achievement. Still, most professional development is offered as short-duration workshops that are not effective in changing practice. Barriers to the implementation of PLCs include lack of shared meeting time and a shortage of teachers who share the same subject areas or common goals and interests. Convening teachers from multiple districts can alleviate this problem, but teachers are reluctant to travel for meetings due to time and cost restraints. Video-conferencing software offers a solution to these barriers while serving to foster the sense of community needed for PLCs to be effective. The researchers describe the use of Virtual PLCs in which two groups of teachers met monthly for one school year to collaboratively analyze evidence collected as part of their teacher inquiry plans. With help from a facilitator, these groups developed a relationship similar to other groups meeting face-to-face as part of the same professional development program. Analysis of the reflections of teacher-participants and facilitators revealed that teachers prefer face-to-face meetings, but that the virtual and face-to-face meetings provided teachers with similar social interactions in the PLC experience. The findings suggest that teachers perceive videoconferencing as an effective tool for facilitating PLCs when distance and time are practical barriers to face-to-face meetings. Practical considerations for developing and facilitating virtual PLCs are also discussed. 相似文献
330.
R. C. Morris Loran Carleton Parker David Nelson Matthew D. Pistilli Adam Hagen Chantal Levesque-Bristol 《Educational Assessment》2013,18(4):302-320
This study examines the development and implementation of a survey-based instrument assessing the effectiveness of a course redesign initiative focused on student centeredness at a large midwestern university in the United States. Given the scope of the reform initiative under investigation in this study, researchers developed an instrument called the Classroom Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), which was administered to students enrolled in redesigned courses. Early findings demonstrate strong construct validity and internal reliability of the CEQ instrument as well as concurrent validity between the CEQ and observation data gathered in concert with self-report data. The authors conclude that in the absence of trained classroom observers, the developed student self-report protocol can serve as a useful tool for measuring the constructivist orientation of pedagogy and student-centered nature of the learning environment in a higher education setting. 相似文献