Para-adventure: a hyper-dynamic problem for the inclusive coach

Recent research has recognized sports coaching as complex, chaotic and cognitively taxing for coaches. Against this backdrop, the present paper explores challenges faced by high-level coaches working with disabled performers. Specifically, it seeks to understand how coaches create mental models of performance in adventure sports and para-canoe. Five coaches were purposively sampled and underwent a semi-structured interview. A thematic analysis revealed conceptualizing the mental model as being mechanically related for all and as including a social construction within the para-canoe coaches. Reflection on the coaching process and on personal characteristics were perceived as important to individualized inclusive coaching. Coach training should particularly emphasize the need for critical judgement and decision-making skills within a similarly oriented social structure of coaches and support staff where applicable.     

The Use of Structure Coefficients to Address Multicollinearity in Sport and Exercise Science

A common practice in general linear model (GLM) analyses is to interpret regression coefficients (e.g., standardized β weights) as indicators of variable importance. However, focusing solely on standardized beta weights may provide limited or erroneous information. For example, β weights become increasingly unreliable when predictor variables are correlated, which is often the case in the social sciences. To address this issue, structure coefficients, which are simply the bivariate correlation between a predictor and the synthetic ? variable, should also be interpreted. By examining β weights and structure coefficients in conjunction, the predictive worth of each independent variable can be more accurately judged. Despite this benefit, researchers in the field of sport and exercise science have rarely reported structure coefficients when conducting multiple regression analysis. Thus, the purpose of the present article is to discuss problems associated with the sole interpretation of β weights and to demonstrate how structure coefficients can be incorporated to improve accuracy of interpretation. Additionally, a content analysis was conducted to examine current trends in reporting multiple regression results within sport and exercise science research.     

Boxing: from male vocation to neurotic masculinity

This paper explores the cultural significance of boxing in its relationship to concepts and practices of masculinity, recently much discussed, but here reviewed specifically in European and American literary texts from the end of the nineteenth to the end of the twentieth centuries. Focussing on key moments of change in boxing’s significance in relation to male vocation, the paper will in particular investigate the extent to which literary responses to the sport cast light on the crisis masculinity has undergone since the start of the twentieth century. Changing attitudes to boxing will thus be interpreted as symptoms of modification in the concept and practice of manliness, successively from boxing as rite of passage, as profession or occupation, as idea, as fantasy and finally as image or neurosis. This evolution will be traced successively in four early twentieth-century European literary writers: Maurice Maeterlinck (first decade), Arthur Cravan (second decade), Robert Musil (third decade), and Malcolm Lowry (fourth decade). Little studied to date in this context, these writers together provide evidence of symptoms that will subsequently be clarified by contemporary American authors, whether of fiction (Chuck Palahniuk) or of socio-psychological study (Gerald Early, Carlos Rotella).     

Professionals under stress: A review of burnout among the helping professions with implications for school psychologists

Based upon a review of the literature regarding burnout among the helping professions, this article discusses organizational, interpersonal, and intrapersonal conditions that may create or exacerbate problems of burnout among school psychologists. Suggestions for coping with burnout in school settings are presented. The need for a research agenda related to burnout among school psychologists is underscored.     

A framework to determine when the school psychologist should counsel

The major goal of this paper is to identify a “five-level framework of psychological adjustment” specifically for use by school psychologists. The levels range from one of excellent adjustment to severe psychopathology. The school psychologist is guided toward interaction with clients based on a differential scale of adjustment.     

The Effect of CRT Screen Design on Learning and Time

Two CAI programs tested the effects of plain and enhanced screen designs, with or without information about the designs, and task-type on learning time and achievement. The enhanced versions used headings, directive cues, running heads, and graphic devices to organize and structure the content, Information about the screens described the purposes of the enhanced features and instructed the students to use those features while studying. One program required learners to perform a memorization task; the second program required concept acquisition and application. Plain-screen versions were equal to the enhanced versions in the effects on learning. Information about text enhancements reduced lesson time when the enhancements provided the learner with program control options.