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111.
Douglas Jay Lynch Hernando Trujillo 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(6):1351-1365
Students enter college chemistry courses with different sources of motivation, appropriate or inappropriate assumptions about
their probability of success and how to study. This study is theoretically aligned with self-regulated learning research.
Clearly, academic performance is closely related to student motivational beliefs and learning strategies. This study investigated
the motivational beliefs and learning strategies of 2 years of college students in the second semester of organic chemistry.
Responses to the Motivational Beliefs and Learning Strategies Questionnaire indicated that student self-efficacy was highly
correlated with academic performance (semester grades). Gender differences were quite pronounced. Male academic performance
was associated with intrinsic motivation as well as the importance placed on the learning task. Test anxiety was negatively
associated with male grades. Extrinsic motivation was negatively correlated with female grades. Responses to students’ sense
of control over learning, the value of the learning task, and self-efficacy were significantly higher for males compared to
females. Faculty who attend to these different patterns may influence beliefs as well as learning strategies. Correcting erroneous
assumptions about how to learn chemistry may help students shift both their attitudes and their learning practices. The notable
gender difference suggests that female chemistry students may especially profit from focused faculty intervention. 相似文献
112.
Jay Rounds 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2012,55(4):413-434
Abstract Currently dominant ideas about the social accountability of museums demand that museums produce “intended outcomes”: positive changes to visitors. Proponents commonly depict this process as a “logic model,” a tightly controlled sequence of events that moves from goal to intended outcome. A tightly coupled system obliges all elements to work toward a common goal. But studies in a variety of fields have shown that tightly coupled systems are achievable only under specific environmental conditions, which are not met within the network of relationships in which museums work. Instead, this article views the museum and its relationships as a loosely coupled system. Each element has its own purposes, and strives to maintain its own autonomy. Interests overlap, but are not identical. In the loosely coupled system, encounters generate a wide and unpredictable range of events. This approach offers advantages for the long‐term sustainability of museums. 相似文献
113.
114.
Interactional Synchrony and the Origins of Infant-Mother Attachment: A Replication Study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study sought to replicate previous work in testing the hypothesis that interactions of dyads developing secure attachment relationships would be characterized by disproportionately synchronous and those of dyads developing insecure relationships by disproportionately asynchronous exchanges. Additionally, a priori hypotheses were tested regarding expected differences in the interactional histories of dyads developing insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant attachments. Results supported the study's predictions in all cases. Dyads developing secure attachments were observed at 3 and 9 months to interact in a disproportionately well-timed, reciprocal, and mutually rewarding manner; dyads developing insecure relationships were disproportionately characterized by interactions in which mothers were minimally involved, unresponsive to infant signals, or intrusive. Within the insecure group, as predicted, 3- and 9-month interactions of avoidant dyads were characterized by maternal intrusiveness and overstimulation; resistant dyads were characterized at both ages by poorly coordinated interactions in which mothers were underinvolved and inconsistent. These findings are discussed as they lend to a growing body of evidence concerning associations between differential interactional histories and attachment quality. 相似文献
115.
The Determinants of Coparenting in Families with Toddler Boys: Spousal Differences and Daily Hassles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In order to advance understanding of the phenomenon of coparenting, naturalistic observations of firstborn sons were undertaken when they were 15 months of age at a time when both parents were home and family life was demanding. Narrative records of coparenting events were scored to determine the frequency with which parents supported and undermined each other and to test two hypotheses pertaining to individual differences in coparenting: that greater differences between spouses in demographic factors, personality, styles of relatedness and child-rearing attitudes would forecast more unsupportive and less supportive coparenting; and that the adverse effects of such spousal differences would be amplified by high levels of family stress, as indexed by frequency and intensity of daily hassles. Both hypotheses received support and are discussed in turn. 相似文献
116.
Although several studies have now examined the relations between mother-child and sibling interaction, the role of fathers in the development of sibling relationships is noticeably absent. The present study included assessments of both mother-child and father-child interaction in order to examine the correlates of sibling conflict and cooperation. Home observations of parent-child and sibling interaction and reports of differential parental treatment were obtained for 30 families with 2 preschool children when the firstborns were approximately 6 years old. Earlier assessments of infant-mother and infant-father attachments when firstborns were 12 and 13 months old, respectively, were also available, as were prior laboratory assessments of mothering and fathering when the oldest child was 3 years of age. Results suggested that sibling conflict and aggression were related to high levels of conflict between the mother and the 2 children at 6 years, intrusive and overcontrolling mothering at 3 years, and an insecure infant-mother attachment. Facilitative and affectionate fathering, on the other hand, was associated with prosocial sibling interaction. Early relationship experiences between parents and their firstborn children had an enduring effect on the quality of sibling relationships and interacted with differential parental treatment in predicting sibling relationship outcomes. 相似文献
117.
Salt-hungry rats fail to develop anticipatory wheel-running activity when maintained under schedules of limited daily access to salt, in marked contrast to the robust anticipatory activity seen under food-access schedules. This suggests that the circadian oscillator underlying food-anticipatory activity is specifically related to food access and does not readily generalize to other scheduled resources. However, an alternative hypothesis is that rats are capable of anticipating daily salt-access periods, but that this anticipation is not manifest in wheel-running activity. In the present study, we maintained adrenalectomized rats under schedules of limited daily access to salt in which all salt was obtained by leverpressing. The results indicate that rats are capable of anticipating daily salt access by reference to an endogenous circadian timing mechanism. However, this behavior differs in several respects from that seen under food-access schedules. 相似文献
118.
Jay Rayner 《考试》2013,(3):32-34
我家厨房的一角,有一整排的书架,上面摆满各形各色的菜谱,而哪一本也不是只摆摆样子用的。每一本菜谱,都被我翻得起了卷角,还难免带着各种酱汁的污渍,仿佛它们曾经历某家番茄调味酱工厂煤气大爆炸后的酱的洗礼。 相似文献
119.
Research Findings: This study, undertaken in Nicosia, Cyprus, sought to evaluate some of the hypothesized developmental benefits of developmentally appropriate practices (DAP) by investigating how the pedagogical attitudes and practices of Greek/Cypriot parents (n = 142) and teachers (n = 16) relate to 4- to 7-year-olds' (n = 142) social–emotional functioning at the end of the academic year. After taking into account potentially confounding effects of parenting attitudes and practices, only a few classroom–environment effects were detected; virtually all of these proved inconsistent with theoretical expectations, though upon reflection they proved less surprising than first imagined. Practice or Policy: Results are discussed in terms of the evidence base of DAP. 相似文献
120.
Journalists and broadcasters at small, medium, and large newspapers and television stations were compared on their political views, using a 45‐card Q‐deck containing liberal, conservative, and pragmatic statements. Results indicate widespread political diversity among reporters with broadcasters exhibiting more conservative viewpoints. 相似文献