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Dong-won Shin Edwin K.P. Chong Howard Jay Siegel 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2012,349(3):1106-1124
Multiconstraint QoS (quality of service) routing is an essential mechanism for QoS-guaranteed services. Unfortunately, the multiconstraint QoS routing problem is NP-complete. In this paper, we propose a heuristic multiconstraint QoS routing scheme, MPLMR (multi-postpath-based lookahead multiconstraint routing). MPLMR is a routing scheme using an extended shortest-path algorithm. As in previous schemes such as TAMCRA and H_MCOP, MPLMR stores a limited number of subpaths between the source node and each intermediate node, and extends these subpaths toward the destination node. However, MPLMR uses an improved “lookahead” method to estimate the path length of the full path to which each subpath is extended. MPLMR then selects and stores the subpaths that have higher likelihood than other subpaths to be extended to feasible paths. We show via simulation that MPLMR has a smaller probability of missing a feasible path than competing schemes in the literature. 相似文献
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Jay Blumler 《Learning, Media and Technology》1977,3(1):3-7
This article charts the vast multiplicity of phenomena that can be brought under the ‘communication’ umbrella. The author denies that these can be integrated within a framework of communication regarded as a discipline in its own right. He then considers successively the possibility of tackling communication from the perspective of some single established discipline (sociology, political science, etc.) and that of treating it as the meeting ground of several disciplines. Criteria for designing multi‐disciplinary courses are advanced and illustrated in the mass communication field. Finally, a number of structurally based obstacles to further progress are identified in the lack of effective linkages between the chief sectors concerned with communication study ‐‐ researchers, teachers and media professionals. 相似文献
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Shih‐Jay Tzeng 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2007,22(3):170-175
Learning disabilities (LD) has been recognized as a category of special education in Taiwanese law since 1984, and policies ensure educational services for children and youth who have LD. The official definition and identification criteria established in Taiwan's laws closely correspond with those of the United States, but practice differs, largely influenced by the people's cultural and linguistic background. I discuss these legal and cultural features as well as other matters (e.g., growth and change in professional literature on LD). Compared to economically developed countries such as the United States, the educators in Taiwan implement identification procedures, placement, and services at a lower cost. Contents of implementation are introduced in detail. The prevalence rate of LD has been very low (<1 percent). I examine culture‐ and/or society‐specific reasons for low prevalence, such as Chinese orthography, regular teachers' compliance with referral procedures, the education‐first belief of parents, and problems with identification procedures. 相似文献
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Growing pressure to restructure and reform tertiary education is encouraging university academics to use innovative practices that assist students to develop ‘employable’ skills. The hybrid approach described in this paper stimulated students to be self‐directed adult learners who maximized their learning of content and skills by means of problem‐based learning and action research strategies. The lecturer also operated as a reflective practitioner and role model by using an action research approach. This paper demonstrates the value of student empowerment, communication and leadership in autonomous learning groups. It outlines methods by which academic teaching staff can build continuous improvement into a university unit’s curriculum design and processes. These can be powerful additions to lecturers’ teaching strategies and to students’ learning experiences. 相似文献
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Glenn I. Roisman Elizabeth Susman Kortnee Barnett-Walker Cathryn Booth-LaForce Margaret Tresch Owen Jay Belsky Robert H. Bradley Renate Houts Laurence Steinberg The NICHD Early Child Care Research Network 《Child development》2009,80(3):907-920
This study examined early observed parenting and child-care experiences in relation to functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis over the long term. Consistent with the attenuation hypothesis, individuals ( n = 863) who experienced: (a) higher levels of maternal insensitivity and (b) more time in child-care centers in the first 3 years of life had lower awakening cortisol levels at age 15. Associations were small in magnitude. Nonetheless, results were (a) additive in that both higher levels of maternal insensitivity and more experience with center-based care uniquely (but not interactively) predicted lower awakening cortisol, (b) not accounted for by later caregiving experiences measured concurrently with awakening cortisol at age 15 or by early demographic variables, and (c) not moderated by sex or by difficult temperament. 相似文献
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