Reading development in adults

A comparison of the development of reading ability among adults with that of children—from the lowest levels of literacy to the most advanced. Included in the comparison are characteristics of adults at each level of development, the kind of instruction that will help bring them from lower to higher levels, and the particular difficulties they experience at the various levels. The article concludes with a historical overview of the changes in literacy standards and needs in the United States and the growing recognition that among the adult illiterates, particularly native English speakers who have very limited reading skills, are large numbers who have dyslexia. This article is based, in part, on an earlier paper, “New Views on Developing Basic Skills with Adults,” presented at the National Conference on Adult Literacy, Washington, D.C., January, 1984.     

企业文化特征与竞争情报相互关系研究述评

在全面梳理国内外有关情报文化理论研究的基础上,对近十年来企业文化特征与竞争情报相互关系的理论研究进展进行了评述,认为目前在该领域已形成了"情报文化基础说"、"情报文化过程说"和"情报文化影响因素说"三种主要观点,但是也存在着缺少针对不同国家和企业文化类型特征的企业文化与竞争情报相互关系的理论研究和实证分析,因而难以为各国丰富多彩的企业竞争情报实践提供理论指导等突出问题。     

Achievement goals,efficacy beliefs and coping strategies in mathematics: The roles of perceived parent and teacher goal emphases

This study examines children’s perceptions of the achievement goals parents and teachers emphasize for them in mathematics, and the relation of these goals to children’s personal achievement goals, self-efficacy beliefs, and coping strategies. Results indicated that children’s perceptions of both parent and teacher mastery and performance goal emphases predicted children’s personal goals. Further, children’s personal goals mediated the relation between perceived parent and teacher goal emphases and children’s efficacy beliefs and coping strategies. Children’s perceptions of parent and teacher emphasis on performance goals varied slightly by gender but not ethnic background, whereas variance across groups in perceptions of mastery emphases did not reach practical significance. Relations between goal perceptions, personal goals, efficacy and coping strategies also did not vary by gender or ethnic background. Implications for future research regarding the goals children perceive to be emphasized in home and school contexts, and their importance for children’s adaptive beliefs and behaviors in mathematics, are discussed.     

Behavior Breakthroughs™: Future Teachers Reflect on a Focused Game Designed to Teach ABA Techniques

This article examines the use of a focused educational game. The game, Behavior Breakthroughs™, was created to teach people that work with children with autism, appropriate behavior management techniques. A group of undergraduate, teacher education students played the game and provided feedback on their experiences.