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71.
OBJECTIVE: A cumulative risk model was used to examine the relationship among failure-to-thrive (FTT), maltreatment, and four aspects of children's development: cognitive performance (standardized testing), adaptive functioning at school, and classroom behavior (teacher report), and behavior at home (maternal report). METHOD: The sample included 193 6-year-old children and their families, recruited from pediatric clinics serving inner-city, low-income, primarily African-American families, who were part of a longitudinal investigation of child development and maltreatment. Four risk groups were formed based on their growth and maltreatment history: neither FTT nor Maltreatment, FTT Only, Maltreatment Only, and both FTT and Maltreatment. FTT was defined as a deceleration in weight gain (weight-for-age below the 5th percentile) prior to 25 months of age among children born at term with birth weight appropriate for gestational age. Maltreatment was defined as having at least one report to CPS for neglect, physical abuse and/or sexual abuse. RESULTS: Risk status was negatively associated with each of the four developmental outcomes. Children with a history of both FTT and maltreatment had more behavior problems and worse cognitive performance and school functioning than children with neither risk factor. Children with only one risk factor (either FTT or maltreatment) achieved intermediate scores. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support a cumulative risk model as being more detrimental to children's development than the presence of a single risk factor alone, consistent with theories linking the accumulation of environmental risks to negative consequences. These results underscore the importance of interventions to prevent both FTT and maltreatment during children's early years. 相似文献
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This study investigated whether the use of word processing in the creation and submission of written essays by tertiary students, resulted in the achievement of higher grades compared with conventional methods. The study was conducted among 240 student teachers in the first year of a degree course and studying a pre-service unit in teacher education. Students' marks in an essay were gathered along with details of the submission method used; word processed, typed or hand-written. Initial statistical tests showed that students who used word processing as a method for essay submission scored significantly higher essay marks that students whose essays were typed or hand-written. Further tests, however, revealed than it was the level of revision carried out rather than the submission method that accounted for the differences in achieved scores. 相似文献
73.
The teaching of foundations courses, and in particular philosophy of education, is frequently under siege in teacher education
programs across Canada, as these programs struggle to meet other demands on student teachers. This article results from a
panel discussion addressing the context of a variety of undergraduate philosophy of education courses across the country,
and the principles and practices instructors take in teaching their discipline. The result of the discussion is a strong argument
in favour of teaching philosophy of education as an important means of achieving many of the other aims Faculties of Education
and teacher education programs have for their teacher education students, in an atmosphere of reflective thought about the
profession and its challenges. 相似文献
74.
Knowledge management support for teachers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
John M. Carroll Chun Wei Choo Daniel R. Dunlap Philip L. Isenhour Stephen T. Kerr Allan MacLean Mary Beth Rosson 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2003,51(4):42-64
Business organizations worldwide are implementing techniques and technologies to better manage their knowledge. Their objective
is to improve the quality of the contributions people make to their organizations by helping them to make sense of the context
within which the organization exists; to take responsibility, cooperate, and share what they know and learn; and to effectively
challenge, negotiate, and learn from others. We consider how the concepts, tools, and techniques of organizational knowledge
management can be applied to the professional practices and development of teachers. We describe a framework for knowledge
management support for teachers where the sharing of concrete knowledge scaffolds the attainment of more abstract levels of
knowledge sharing. We describe the development of a knowledge management support system emphasizing long-term participatory
design relationships between technologists and teachers, regional cooperation among teachers in adjacent school divisions,
the integration of communication and practice, synchronous and asynchronous interactions, and multiple metaphors for organizing
knowledge resources and activities.
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, REC-0106552. 相似文献
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76.
Stability of Inhibition in a Swedish Longitudinal Sample 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Margaret Kerr William W. Lambert Håkan Stattin Ingrid Klackenberg-Larsson 《Child development》1994,65(1):138-146
2 of the major questions prompted by recent research on inhibition are: (1) Should inhibition be considered a trait dimension, or do those who manifest extreme inhibition constitute a discrete personality type? (2) Are there sex differences in stability of inhibition? We addressed these questions using mothers' ratings over 16 years and psychologists' ratings over 6 years of a Swedish longitudinal sample. From the mean of mothers' 18- and 24-month ratings and the mean of psychologists' 18- and 24-month ratings, we predicted later ratings through 16 years. We performed these analyses for children constituting the extreme 10%–15% from each end of the distribution and then for children not rated as extreme. Ratings were more stable for children in the extreme groups than for those in the nonextreme groups through 6 years; however, only for the inhibited girls did early inhibition predict inhibition into adolescence. We conclude that culturally shared notions of gender-appropriate behavior influence the stability of inhibition. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine if the success of students at a highly selective combined baccalaureate/MD degree program is affected by their different approaches to learning. One hundred freshmen students at the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (UMKC) were surveyed using the Lancaster Approaches to Studying Inventory (short survey by Entwistle, 1981). Analysis of the data indicates that the learning styles of students from this combined-degree school tend to be similar to the learning styles of students from other baccalaureate-degree programs in medicine. It appears there are some relationships between approaches to learning and success in the program. This association between learning styles and success also appears to be related to gender differences.Presented at the Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, Louisville, KY, May 13–16, 1990. 相似文献