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201.
Marilyn P. Arnone Ruth V. Small Sarah A. Chauncey H. Patricia McKenna 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(2):181-198
This paper identifies the need for developing new ways to study curiosity in the context of today’s pervasive technologies
and unprecedented information access. Curiosity is defined in this paper in a way which incorporates the concomitant constructs
of interest and engagement. A theoretical model for curiosity, interest and engagement in new media technology-pervasive learning
environments is advanced, taking into consideration personal, situational and contextual factors as influencing variables.
While the path associated with curiosity, interest, and engagement during learning and research has remained essentially the
same, how individuals tackle research and information-seeking tasks and factors which sustain such efforts have changed. Learning
modalities for promoting this theoretical model are discussed leading to a series of recommendations for future research.
This article offers a multi-lens perspective on curiosity and suggests a multi-method research agenda for validating such
a perspective. 相似文献
202.
Schley S Walter GG Weathers RR Hemmeter J Hennessey JC Burkhauser RV 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2011,16(4):524-536
This article examines the effect that postsecondary education has on earnings and the duration of time spent in the Social Security disability programs for young persons who are deaf or hard of hearing. Our hypothesis is that investments in postsecondary training increase the likelihood of employment for persons who are deaf or hard of hearing and thus reduce dependency on disability-related income support programs. A longitudinal data set based upon records from the National Technical Institute for the Deaf and Social Security administrative records is used for this analysis. We find that those who graduate, even those who graduate with vocational degrees, experience significant earnings benefits and reductions in the duration of time spent on federal disability programs when compared with those who do not graduate with a degree. This finding suggests that reductions in the duration of time spent on Social Security programs are not limited to those with the highest level of scholastic aptitude and that investments in post-secondary education can benefit a broad group of deaf and hard-of-hearing persons. In addition, the data show that individuals who attend college, but withdraw before graduation, fair no better economically than individuals who never attended college. 相似文献
203.
Kushalnagar P Topolski TD Schick B Edwards TC Skalicky AM Patrick DL 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2011,16(4):512-523
Given the important role of parent-youth communication in adolescent well-being and quality of life, we sought to examine the relationship between specific communication variables and youth perceived quality of life in general and as a deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) individual. A convenience sample of 230 youth (mean age = 14.1, standard deviation = 2.2; 24% used sign only, 40% speech only, and 36% sign + speech) was surveyed on communication-related issues, generic and DHH-specific quality of life, and depression symptoms. Higher youth perception of their ability to understand parents' communication was significantly correlated with perceived quality of life as well as lower reported depressive symptoms and lower perceived stigma. Youth who use speech as their single mode of communication were more likely to report greater stigma associated with being DHH than youth who used both speech and sign. These findings demonstrate the importance of youths' perceptions of communication with their parents on generic and DHH-specific youth quality of life. 相似文献
204.
David Devraj Kumar P. V. Thomas John D. Morris Karen M. Tobias Mary Baker Trudy Jermanovich 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2011,20(2):116-115
This study examined the impact of computer simulation and supported science learning on a teacher’s understanding and conceptual
knowledge of current electricity. Pre/Post tests were used to measure the teachers’ concept attainment. Overall, there was
a significant and large knowledge difference effect from Pre to Post test. Two interesting interactions were observed during
the data analysis. The first was the difference between Elementary and Secondary teachers. Both groups had significant gains,
with large effect sizes, but the Elementary teachers (Pre-Mean = 3.70, Post-Mean = 7.51) started lower and ended higher exhibiting
a significantly larger gain than the Secondary teachers (Pre-Mean = 4.96, Post-Mean = 6.71). The second interaction was the
impact of gender. Both groups showed significant gains, with large effect sizes, but females (Pre-Mean = 3.90, Post-Mean = 7.21)
gained significantly more than males (Pre-Mean = 5.13, Post-Mean = 7.01). These results confirm that computer simulation supported
science learning can have a positive effect on concept attainment in teachers. 相似文献
205.
Pigeons pecked on three keys, responses to one of which could be reinforced after 3 flashes of the houselight, to a second
key after 6, and to a third key after 12. The flashes were arranged according to variable-interval schedules. Response allocation
among the keys was a function of the number of flashes. When flashes were omitted, transitions occurred very late. Increasing
flash duration produced a leftward shift in the transitions along a number axis. Increasing reinforcement probability produced
a leftward shift, and decreasing reinforcement probability produced a rightward shift. Intermixing different flash rates within
sessions separated allocations: Faster flash rates shifted the functions sooner in real time, but later in terms of flash
count, and conversely for slower flash rates. A model of control by fading memories of number and time was proposed. 相似文献
206.
207.
Pamela Zoda John R. Slate Julie P. Combs 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2011,10(3):171-188
In this study, the researchers examined 5 years of Texas statewide data concerning elementary school size and Hispanic student
performance on three state-mandated assessments in reading, mathematics, and writing. For each year of data analyzed here,
student data from more than 1,200 elementary schools. After collapsing elementary schools into three sizes (i.e., very small
<400 students; small 400–799 students; and large 800–1,199 students), multivariate statistical procedures revealed the presence
of statistically significant differences in Hispanic student performance in reading, mathematics, and writing across all 5 years
of data analyzed. In almost every analysis, Hispanic students in large elementary schools outperformed Hispanic students in
very small elementary schools in reading, mathematics, and in writing. As such, our findings are in disagreement with other
studies. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
208.
Jeffrey Alan Greene Lara-Jeane Costa Kristin Dellinger 《Metacognition and Learning》2011,6(3):275-301
Researchers often use measures of the frequency of self-regulated learning (SRL; Zimmerman, American Educational Research Journal, 45(1), 166–183, 2000) processing as a predictor of learning gains. These frequency data, which are really counts of SRL processing events, are
often non-normally distributed, and the accurate analysis of these data requires the use of specialized statistical models.
In this study, we demonstrate how to implement and interpret count statistical models in path and latent profile analyses
to investigate the role of SRL as a mediator of the relation between pretest and posttest conceptual understanding. Our findings
from a sample of 170 college students using a computer to learn about the circulatory system show that SRL does mediate the
aforementioned relation, and that count models are a more accurate representation of SRL processing data than standard analysis
models based on ordinary least squares estimation. The results of our path analyses revealed which specific SRL processes
were related to learning, above and beyond the effect of prior knowledge. Our latent profile analysis revealed two groups
of participants, indicative of Brophy’s (2004) model of schematic and aschematic learners. We conclude with implications and future directions for basic and applied SRL
research. 相似文献
209.
Douglas P. Newton Lynn D. Newton 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(2):327-345
If children are engaged in science lessons, their learning is likely to be better and, in the long term, careers in science
and technology will remain open. Given that attitudes can develop early and be difficult to change, it is important for teachers
of younger children to know how to foster engagement in science. This study identified what a cohort of 79 pre-service teachers
in England considered to be engaging elementary science lessons and compared their notions with teacher behaviours known to
be conducive to engagement. First, all brought beliefs about how to engage children in science lessons to their training.
They tended to favour children’s hands-on activity as an effective means of fostering attentive participation in learning,
although many had additional ideas. Nevertheless, the means and ends of their ‘pedagogies of engagement’ tended to be simple
and narrow. Trainers need to ensure that notions of engagement are wide enough to cope with a variety of teaching situations,
as when hands-on experience is not feasible, effective or appropriate. At the same time, teachers will need to recognise that
one approach may not suit all learners. Without this, there is the risk that they will lack the skills to engage children
in science. Nevertheless, these beliefs could offer a useful starting point for trainers who wish to widen pre-service teachers’
conceptions of engagement and increase their repertoire of teaching behaviours. 相似文献
210.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined specific aspects of child sexual abuse in relation to symptom severity among hospitalized patients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. METHOD: Participants were 45 hospitalized bulimic women who reported a history of child sexual abuse. Structured interviews were conducted in order to obtain detailed information regarding specific features of the abusive event(s). Participants also completed instruments that measured depression and eating pathology. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in severity of depression or eating disturbance among women reporting differing abusive experiences including intrafamilial versus extrafamilial abuse, abuse with or without the use of physical force, one versus multiple incidents, early abuse versus abuse occurring after age 14, contact versus noncontact abuse, disclosed versus undisclosed, and combined physical/sexual abuse versus sexual abuse alone. CONCLUSION: The specific characteristics of child sexual abuse are not related to the level of symptomatology for hospitalized bulimic patients. This study suggests that differences in the nature of the abuse may not be as important as the fact that the abuse occurred in the first place. 相似文献