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201.
Resistance to interference was examined in rats that received a complex negative patterning discrimination in which XA and
XB were followed by food reinforcement and XAB was not. Retention of the discrimination was evident after separate reinforcement
of both A and B (Experiment 3), but not after reinforcement of either AB (Experiments 1 and 3) or XAB (Experiments 2 and 3).
These data suggest that complex negative patterning discriminations are acquired configurally and that the relative similarity
of the original discrimination and subsequent interference trials dictates the final degree of retention observed. 相似文献
202.
Young children often learn less from video than face-to-face presentations. Meta-regression models were used to examine the average size of this difference (video deficit) and investigate moderators. An average deficit of about half of a standard deviation was reported across 122 independent effect sizes from 59 reports, involving children ages 0–6 years. Moderator analyses suggested (a) the deficit decreased with age, (b) object retrieval studies showed larger deficits than other domains, and (c) there was no difference between studies using live versus prerecorded video. Results are consistent with a multiple-mechanism explanation for the deficit. However, the analyses highlighted potential quality and publication bias issues that may have resulted in overestimation of the effect and should be addressed by future researchers. 相似文献
203.
This article develops and tests a model examining the relationship between firm globalization, scope of e-commerce use, and firm performance, using data from a large-scale cross-country survey of firms from three industries. We find that globalization leads to both greater scope of e-commerce use and improved performance, measured as efficiency, coordination, and market impacts. Scope of e-commerce use also leads to greater firm performance of all three types. Globalization has differential effects on B2B and B2C e-commerce, however, such that highly global firms are more likely to do B2B but less likely to do B2C. Our findings provide support for Porter's (1986) thesis that upstream business activities (namely, B2B) are more global while downstream business activities (B2C) are more local or multidomestic. 相似文献
204.
Richard C. Nairn M.D. Ph.D. F.R.C.Path. F.R.C.P.A. F.R.A.C.P. F.R.S.E. Jennifer M. Rolland B.Sc. Ph.D. 《Endeavour》1981,5(4):167-171
Fluorescent dyes can be used as cell probes which bind, according to their chemical structure, to particular subcellular regions of lymphocytes. Because of their sensitivity to variations in the local molecular environment, expressed by changes in fluorescence emission, they provide a means of studying the early events of lymphocyte activation to antigens and mitogens. The technology also yields a rapid assay of lymphocyte activation and thus new diagnostic tests of cell-mediated immunity, for example to organ transplants and to cancer. 相似文献
205.
206.
Jennifer A. Butler 《Qualitative Research Reports in Communication》2016,17(1):77-84
Managing chronic illness is not just a healthcare issue but is also relevant to workplace communication and relationships. Workers with chronic conditions are faced with the decision of if and how they should disclose the chronic condition to their supervisors and co-workers. These decisions are laden with fears of stigma or other forms of discrimination that are commonly associated with invisible identities. This study used a qualitative questionnaire and thematic analysis techniques to reveal three reasons why workers chose to (or not to) reveal their chronic condition in the work environment: facilitate continued employment, enacting values, and explaining absence or condition. Viewing the results through social exchange theory showed that employees exchange (or do not exchange) personal information for workplace accommodations. 相似文献
207.
Jennifer Fletcher 《Communication Studies》2016,67(5):489-508
Physical activity is necessary for college students as only 20%–40% engage in the recommended amounts (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2010). This article qualitatively examines college-student motivators and hindrances for physical activity in order to develop effective interventions. Although a primary theory in psychology, Self-Determination Theory relies heavily upon social contexts as catalysts for motivation. Communication can cause both within- and between-person differences in motivation. Findings suggest that college-student motivation is greatly influenced by the communication between themselves, their important relationships (e.g., friends, family, and significant other), and societal pressures. Moreover, findings reveal that college students seem to be more motivated through extrinsic means rather than more autonomous forms of motivation. 相似文献
208.
209.
Patricia J. Bauer Jennifer Wenner Patricia L. Dropik & Sandi S. Wewerka 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2000,65(4):172-183
In addition to the variables of interest in this research (namely, age, delay, sequence type, mode of experience, and verbal reminders), children's performance may have been affected by a number of features of the research design. This Appendix is a report of the results of analyses of three potential influences on the children's performance. First, we examined the possibility that the particular experimenter who conducted the session might have affected the children's performance. Second, we examined the possibility that conclusions regarding children's recall of the event sequences were qualified by specific event sequence effects. Third, we examined the possibility that differences in the lengths of the child-controlled response periods might account for the patterns of effects observed. Although in each case some effects obtained, in no case did the findings present substantive qualifications to the major patterns described in the body of the text. 相似文献
210.
Guided by the emotional security hypothesis, this study reports on the development of a new self-report measure that assesses children's strategies for preserving emotional security in the context of interparental conflict. Participants were 924 sixth, seventh, and eighth graders and a subset of their mothers, fathers, and teachers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the Security in the Interparental Subsystem (SIS) Scale supported a seven-factor solution, corresponding well to the three component processes (i.e., emotional reactivity, regulation of exposure to parent affect, and internal representations) outlined in the emotional security hypothesis. The SIS subscales demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Support for the validity of the SIS Scale is evidenced by its significant links with parent reports of children's overt reactivity to conflict, children's responses to interparental conflict simulations 6 months later, and children's psychological maladjustment and experiential histories with interparental conflict across multiple informants (i.e., child, mother, father, and teacher). Results are discussed in the context of developing recommendations for use of the SIS and advancing the emotional security hypothesis. 相似文献