A method for transcribing signed and spoken language

Transcribing sign communication used simultaneously with spoken English presents investigators with a unique problem: the singular quality of the bimodal communicative interactions cannot be accurately depicted using accepted conventions for recording either spoken or signed language samples. This article proposes guidelines for transcribing such data. The need for guidelines arose during an earlier study of the language development of a hearing child of deaf parents. To meet the immediate needs of that study, rules and conventions from previous studies were combined with newly generated ones, resulting in the guidelines proposed in this article. The guidelines can be applied to data in which intermodal linguistic influence is suspected.     

武术套路的传统美学阐释

用传统美学的审美观点,分析了武术套路演练中传统美学与艺术表现的关系和深刻内涵.认为,武术套路的传统美学深受中国传统哲学思想的影响,套路演练的美学艺术表在于把握好动态中的“和谐”；演练客体“形”与“神”的“和谐”；演练客体与观赏主本的“和谐”。     

Environmental attitudes of pre-service teachers: A conceptual and methodological dilemma in cross-cultural data collection

Human generated environmental problems are significant issues of global concern. Despite this, varying attitudes towards environments continue to exist across the globe, impacting on environmental decision-making and action at local, national and international levels. This paper probes some of the similarities and differences in environmental attitudes amongst pre-service teachers in Australia, Republic of Maldives and Indonesia. Data were collected using an established environmental attitude questionnaire and individual interviews. The three communities exhibited a similar range of environmental attitudes using the established questionnaire but significant differences emerged when the interview data were analysed phenomenographically. These differences reflect diversity within and across cultural groups that cannot be satisfactorily explained by the theory underpinning the established questionnaire. Consequently, a revised conceptual framework is proposed.     

我国体育彩票发行回顾与发展对策研究

通过访谈25名技能表现类项群的杰出运动员,总结出此项群运动员流畅心理状态的九个诱发因素,按重要性依次排序:适宜的身体准备、赛前和赛中的计划准备、自信心和积极的态度、赛前达到适宜的唤醒水平、良好的比赛动机、赛中感觉好、集中注意力、适宜的比赛情境、教练和团队的配合。其中,排序前5个的是主要诱发因素。流畅心理状态可控性的调查结果显示:75%的运动员认为流畅状态是可以控制的,在69条诱发因素的原始条目中,能够被控制的条目占总数的73.3%,通过赛前和赛中的心理调控帮助运动员进入并保持流畅状态是完全可行的。教练员和运动心理学研究者可以依据表现类项群9个诱发因素制定相应的心理训练方案。     

Assessing School Readiness: Validity and Bias in Preschool and Kindergarten Teachers' Ratings

As a part of efforts to evaluate and monitor the increasing public investment in early childhood education, teachers are being asked to assess children's school readiness. In this study, preschool teachers and kindergarten teachers rated children's skills in three areas (kindergarten readiness, academic skills, and communication skills), and these ratings were compared with direct assessments of the children's skills. Ratings by both groups of teachers tended to be more highly related to basic skills, such as counting and number naming, than to abilities such as solving applied problems and using expressive and receptive vocabulary. Preschool teachers' ratings had a lower association with children's observed skills and abilities than kindergarten teachers' ratings. Ratings of children attending Head Start were systematically inflated, but this relationship was mediated to a significant extent by the teachers' levels of education. More educated teachers rated children in a manner consistent with the children's directly assessed skills. Implications of these findings for informing future efforts to assess school readiness by using teacher ratings are discussed.     

电动跑台对提高竞走运动员步频的研究

采用竞走运动员无氧阈值速度的测定与应用方法 ,分别对运动员进行 3个阶段逐级提高速度的跑台竞走实验 ,经过统计学处理和实际比赛的对比 ,结果表明 :利用电动跑台进行辅助训练 ,可以加快发展竞走运动员的动作速率 ,有效提高竞走运动员的步频 ,创造优异成绩。     

影响武术套路裁判执法能力因素研究

采用问卷调查、文献资料、数理统计等研究方法，分析了影响武术套路裁判执法能力的主要因素——裁判员业务水平、外界干扰和规则尚不完善，并对其主要致因进行了探究。     

E家之言:图书馆学研究降龙十八掌之"亢龙有悔"

<正> 如果要用降龙十八掌的招式给图书馆学各分支领域的研究技法起名,图书馆学基础理论只能对应“亢龙有悔”。 搞图书馆学基础理论研究的第一个诀窍是“亢”,也就是搞研究时应该处于一种兴奋、激昂或愤怒的状态。图书馆学基础理论是研究理论观念与思潮的学问,各种观念的碰撞、新旧思潮的交接,都是令人亢奋的现象。如果研究者自己无     

体育人身伤害侵权纠纷的法律适用探讨

体育伤害是一种民事违法行为 ,除非法律规定有明确的违法阻却抗辩事由 ,适用侵权行为法的一般规定。体育伤害是一种特殊的人身伤害 ,应平衡各方利益 ,进行法律规范。风险自负理论可以说明体育伤害的免责范围与归责基础 ,我国目前可采用单行立法方式填补法律漏洞 ,在没有立法的情况下可以在实践中以调解为主灵活处理 ;体育伤害受体育保险和社会保障制度与侵权法共同调整 ,不同国情各有侧重