基于马尔可夫模型的高校图书馆学科评价服务研究

随着"双一流"建设总体方案的提出，科研成果越来越受到重视，高校图书馆开展学科评价服务，对于提升图书馆的服务和地位具有至关重要的意义。本文在分析了吉林大学2010-2016年发表的论文总体情况的基础上，选取论文发表总量前10名的学科为研究对象，运用文献计量学方法和马尔可夫模型分析方法，与传统的评价指标相结合，构建相应的综合评价指标，消除学科间的基础差异，分析得出各个学科的发展速度和发展趋势情况。     

不同情境下老年人对健康信息源的选择差异研究

[目的/意义] 揭示老年人健康信息源选择因情境不同而存在的差异,为助力图书情报机构更好地开展面向老年人的健康信息服务提供理论依据和对策建议。[方法/过程] 参考信息源视野理论对信息源的分类,采用访谈法,分析老年人在处理健康危险状况、参与医疗决策、改变或预防不良健康行为这3种不同健康情境下获取健康信息的信息源选择差异,并结合人口学特征探究老年人在信息源选择数量上的群体间差异。[结果/结论] 研究结果表明：①3种情境下,组织信息源和人际信息源均是老年人主要使用的信息源;②随着年龄的增长,老年人对人际信息源的依赖性逐渐增加;③3种情境下老年人对网络信息源、印刷信息源的使用程度都不高;④不同文化水平和自评经济状况的老年人群在信息源选择数量上存在明显差异,其中文化水平造成的差异在3种情境中均有体现,自评经济状况造成的差异体现在参与医疗决策和处理健康危险境况两种情境中。     

基于深度学习的期刊分群与科学知识结构测度方法研究

准确地研究和测度科学知识之间的逻辑关系和结构体系,是进行科学政策研究和科研项目资助布局等科研管理活动的重要基础。学术期刊作为科学知识传播和交流的重要平台,是探测科学知识结构的一种有效载体,但是不同的学术期刊分类体系对科学知识结构的测度结构会产生直接而广泛的影响。文章从学术期刊分群的角度出发,考虑期刊在共被引过程中的距离因素,通过采用深度学习算法,来进行期刊的相似度计算与分群问题研究,在此基础上进行科学知识结构测度方法研究,并以中国人文社会科学期刊引文数据库为实验对象进行了实证研究。从实证结果来看,我国人文社会科学学科知识结构存在较为明显的结构划分,不同学科类别或不同研究领域的期刊都被分到了相应的群组,表明从期刊使用的角度来看,我国人文社会科学知识结构边界是相对较为清晰的。在此基础上重点对法学期刊的两个群组的科学研究主题进行了挖掘,从关键词的共现网络中可以明显看出,两个期刊群体内的研究主题虽有一定的交叉,但是两者在具体研究内容上也存在着显著区别。     

国外高校图书馆学术出版数字化转型路径研究

近年来,为应对学术出版数字化变革引发的学术资源垄断和用户需求变化,国外的高校图书馆已经投入到学术出版数字化活动中去,并积累了丰富的技术经验,成为了关键参与者。本文以《图书馆出版名录》为参考进行数据统计分析,分别从内容收集、内容存储、开放存取和出版平台等方面展示国外高校图书馆学术出版数字化转型路径,并提出我国高校图书馆可以从利用高校资源、谋求合作伙伴、支持开放存取、合理选择保存系统和出版平台等方面进行学术出版数字化实践。     

Deep Participation in Underserved Communities: A Quantitative Analysis of Hearken’s Model for Engagement Journalism

ABSTRACT

Hearken is a proprietary news engagement platform growing in popularity. Under the Hearken approach, audience members are invited to participate in the newsmaking process. Hearken strives to assist news organizations in providing local and hyperlocal content that meets audience needs and demands while preserving elements of the journalist’s role as gatekeeper. Hearken has also worked to help news organizations reach underrepresented populations with mixed results per its own anecdotal analyses. This study employs a quantitative content analysis comparing one year’s worth of coverage at four different local NPR affiliates in the United States to provide a breakdown of Hearken content versus traditional reporter-driven content in the following four categories: emphasis on hyperlocal coverage, story topic prevalence within local and hyperlocal coverage, emphasis on coverage of underrepresented communities, and story topic prevalence within coverage of underrepresented communities. Findings reveal listener-driven Hearken content favors hyperlocal news on lifestyle issues while reporter-driven stories emphasize state-level governance and politics as well as local crime. These indicate a stark contrast between the content audiences want and that which journalists tend to report. The nuanced normative implications, possibilities and limitations of Hearken’s model of “deep participation” are addressed in some detail.     

The historical context of science and education at the American Museum of Natural History

In this article I critically examine the historical context of science education in a natural history museum and its relevance to using museum resources to teach science today. I begin with a discussion of the historical display of race and its relevance to my practice of using the Museum’s resources to teach science. I continue with a critical review of the history of the education department in a natural history museum to demonstrate the historical constitution of current practices of the education department. Using sociocultural constructs around identity formation and transformation, I move to the present with a case study of a teacher who transforms the structure of science education in her classroom and school as a result of her identity transformation and association with a museum-based professional education program.

Long-term physical and mental health consequences of childhood physical abuse: results from a large population-based sample of men and women

OBJECTIVE: Child maltreatment has been linked to negative adult health outcomes; however, much past research includes only clinical samples of women, focuses exclusively on sexual abuse and/or fails to control for family background and childhood characteristics, both potential confounders. Further research is needed to obtain accurate, generalizable estimates and to educate clinicians who are generally unaware of the link between childhood abuse and adult health. The purpose of this project is to examine how childhood physical abuse by parents impacts mid-life mental and physical health, and to explore the attenuating effect of family background and childhood adversities. METHODS: We analyzed population-based survey data from over 2,000 middle-aged men and women in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study using self-reported measures of parental childhood physical abuse, mental health (depression, anxiety, anger), physical health (physical symptoms and medical diagnoses), family background, and childhood adversities. RESULTS: Parental physical abuse was reported by 11.4% of respondents (10.6% of males and 12.1% of females). In multivariate models controlling for age, sex, childhood adversities, and family background, we found that childhood physical abuse predicted a graded increase in depression, anxiety, anger, physical symptoms, and medical diagnoses. Childhood physical abuse also predicted severe ill health and an array of specific medical diagnoses and physical symptoms. Family background and childhood adversities attenuated but did not eliminate the childhood abuse/adult health relationship. CONCLUSIONS: In a population-based cohort of middle-aged men and women, childhood physical abuse predicted worse mental and physical health decades after the abuse. These effects were attenuated, but not eliminated, by age, sex, family background, and childhood adversities.     

新时期高校党的思想建设的历史经验与改革创新

本文从党的建设总体布局和高校事业发展这两个相互关联的分析维度出发,回顾了改革开放以来我国高校党的思想建设历史进程,对主要经验进行了总结,并结合时代特征和办学需求,探讨新形势下如何以改革创新的精神和举措继续推进高校党的思想建设及各项事业的科学发展。     

电子设计创新实验室的建设与管理方法探究

分析了高校毕业生的实践动手能力与用人单位要求的较大差距,结合大学生电子设计竞赛试题,提出了边远落后地区的高校电子设计创新实验室的建设思路,并对创新实验室的建设目标,教学管理、师资队伍建设、实验设备管理和学生能力评价等进行了分析与探讨.     

高校仪器设备档案信息化建设的思考

仪器设备档案管理是高校仪器设备管理工作中不可或缺的重要环节,也是高校仪器设备管理的重要的基础性工作.推进仪器设备档案信息化的建设,可为高校的教学、科研工作的顺利开展创造良好的条件.文章讨论了仪器设备档案信息化的作用,阐述了仪器设备信息化建设的原则和目标,并初步提出了仪器设备档案信息化建设的对策.