Second-order conditioning of the rabbit’s nictitating membrane response as a function of the CS2-CS1 and CS1-US intervals

Three experiments investigated conditioning of the rabbit’s nictitating membrane response (NMR) in a second-order conditioning procedure which intermixed first-order trials (CS1-US) and second-order trials (CS2-CS1) from the outset of training. Experiment 1 provided a controlled demonstration that substantial levels of second-order conditioning can be obtained with the NMR preparation. Experiment 2 showed that the level of CR acquisition to CS2 was an inverse function of the CS2-CS1 interval over the values of 400, 800, and 2,400 msec. Experiment 3 found that CR acquisition to CS2 and CS1 in second-order conditioning varied in a parallel fashion across CS1-US intervals. Similarly, Experiment 3A found that the level of CR acquisition to the two components of a serial compound (CSA-CSB-US) varied in a parallel fashion as a function of the CSB-US interval. The results of the CS2-CS1 and CS1-US interval manipulations were all predictable from the known CS-US interval effects in NMR conditioning with a single CS. The present results are discussed with regard to their implications for accounts of serial compound conditioning and second-order conditioning.     

天光云影共徘徊——申跃中创作命运思考(上)

申跃中几十年起伏多变的创作命运,始终没有离开过中国当代这一特定历史时期时代因素的缠绕。这一因素既把他涌向潮头,也把他推向低谷,使他与时代、与社会结下了永远的不解之缘。在这一过程中,作家对创作道路的自觉选择和对艺术境界的自觉追求对创作命运具有重要意义,时代感召和主体抉择的共同作用,使作家走上了一条成功之路。     

基于Windows2000环境下的缓冲区溢出

通过对Windows内存结构及进程空间分配情况的介绍,详细描述了Win2000环境下缓冲区溢出的原理,并提出了预防缓冲区溢出的有效方法。     

The craftivists: Pushing for affective,materially informed pedagogy

The idea of making as a form of activism or, as we refer to it in this paper, craftivism, underpins our ambition to transform pedagogical environments into spaces of possibility through sensory and affective making practices. A craftivist agenda pushes for open teaching and learning with materials so that students can inhabit a what if space which ruptures institutional time and space. Beginning with a theorization of disruptive making and dissensus and then moving on to foreground a materialist stance on making, the paper illustrates how students experience materialities across two very different classroom environments and how these experiences led to greater presence, voice and agency for students. There is an underlying focus in the paper on embodied responses and affective flows. After theorizing craftivism, there are three sections that explore making, teaching and feeling through craftivist, postdigital methods.     

基于改进的DTW算法的仿真与分析

传统的DTW算法着重于时间规整和间距测量的概念，对数据的可靠性没有进行有效的分析，且对连续词的识别效果不明显。基于松弛起始点和分段思想的改进DTW算法，可以改善明阿算法的缺陷。通过对语音样本0．9在MATLAB6．5上的仿真实现与分析表明，采用改进后的DTW算法具有良好的语音识别效果。     

论母语迁移对英语语音和词汇习得的影响及对策

文章分析了汉语迁移对英语学习的正负效应,主要从母语迁移对语音与词汇习得两个方面阐述.语音方面主要分析了英语与汉语在发音方式上的差异,词汇方面主要分析了拼写、词性、词义、搭配等四个方面.研究母语迁移可以分析利用正迁移的有利作用,对负迁移提出解决对策,从而促进中国学生的英语学习.     

The Needs-Based Assessment of Parental (Guardian) Support: a test of its validity and reliability

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to present a newly developed measure of guardian support, the Needs-Based Assessment of Parental (Guardian) Support (NAPS), an empirical evaluation of that measure, and its comparison with another measure of guardian support. The theoretical model that underlies this measure applies humanistic theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs to the understanding of guardian support. METHOD: The study employed a cross-sectional nonexperimental survey design using 183 nonoffending guardians who accompanied children presenting for a medical/forensic examination for sexual abuse. The NAPS and an existing measure of guardian support were administered during the hospital outpatient visit, and basic information concerning the child and abuse situations were gathered. RESULTS: The NAPS had robust psychometric properties and was culturally sensitive. Tests of specific hypotheses supported the construct validity of the measure and a conceptualization of guardian support as hierarchical, with four stages of support. CONCLUSIONS: The brevity and ease of administration of the NAPS for both the clinician and guardian suggest that it is a viable assessment tool. The strong support for the NAPS' underlying theoretical model suggests that the nonoffending guardians' available resources need to be considered when assessing guardian support.     

浅谈信息技术与语文教育的"一体化"

本文就信息技术与语文教育一体化进行了粗略地描绘以计算机为"课堂",拓展语文学习领域;以计算机为"教材",拓展语文学习内容;以计算机为"工具",拓展语文学习方式.借此说明如何科学认识和把握信息技术在语文教育中的作用以及对语文教育变革的方向,加快信息技术与语文教育的"一体化"进程.