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381.
Simon P. Roberts Keith A. Stokes Grant Trewartha Patrick Hogben Jenny Doyle Dylan Thompson 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1253-1262
Abstract In this study, we investigated the effect of ingesting carbohydrate alone or carbohydrate with protein on functional and metabolic markers of recovery from a rugby union-specific shuttle running protocol. On three occasions, at least one week apart in a counterbalanced order, nine experienced male rugby union forwards ingested placebo, carbohydrate (1.2 g · kg body mass?1 · h?1) or carbohydrate with protein (0.4 g · kg body mass?1 · h?1) before, during, and after a rugby union-specific protocol. Markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase: before, 258 ± 171 U · L?1 vs. 24 h after, 574 ± 285 U · L?1; myoglobin: pre, 50 ± 18 vs. immediately after, 210 ± 84 nmol · L?1; P < 0.05) and muscle soreness (1, 2, and 3 [maximum soreness = 8] for before, immediately after, and 24 h after exercise, respectively) increased. Leg strength and repeated 6-s cycle sprint mean power were slightly reduced after exercise (93% and 95% of pre-exercise values, respectively; P < 0.05), but were almost fully recovered after 24 h (97% and 99% of pre-exercise values, respectively). There were no differences between trials for any measure. These results indicate that in experienced rugby players, the small degree of muscle damage and reduction in function induced by the exercise protocol were not attenuated by the ingestion of carbohydrate and protein. 相似文献
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Wibke Johannis Jenny Blommer Andreas R. Klatt Joerg H. Renno Klaus Wielckens 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2012,22(3):373-379
Introduction:
Heavy chain diseases (HCD) are neoplastic proliferations of B cells which secrete truncated immunoglobulin heavy chains without associated light chains. Being rare and probably underdiagnosed diseases the aim of this report is to show an additional case of gamma heavy chain disease in a 48 year old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis focusing on the laboratory presentation.Materials and methods:
Laboratory work-up included agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), immunofixation and nephelometrically determined immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin subclasses of the patient’s serum. Urine samples were also subjected to immunofixation and to a SDS-PAGE with consecutive immunoblot.Results:
Nephelometrically measured elevated IgG concentrations were noted in combination with a decreased gamma globulin region and an increased beta globulin region on AGE. A definite monoclonal spike was not identified on AGE but at least suspected on CZE; finally serum and urine immunofixation demonstrated a monoclonal gamma heavy chain devoid of any corresponding light chains confirming the diagnosis of HCD. Analysis of the gamma heavy chain (HC) with means of SDS-PAGE revealed proteins of 40 kD and 80 kD most likely presenting a truncated HC in its monomeric and dimeric form and possibly leading to the failure of IgG-subclass typing with the applied IgG subclass antisera.Conclusion:
This case report illustrates a new case of gamma HCD demonstrating variable laboratory manifestations and therefore the need for heightened awareness concerning this disease when confronted with abnormal and discrepant protein profiles in routinely applied laboratory tests. 相似文献384.
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This study explored the reasons for current reverse mobility patterns in South Korea and how the country benefits from returning
U.S. doctoral recipients in the forms of brain gain and brain circulation. Based on interviews of Korean faculty who studied
in the U.S., this study found that while the political economy might help to explain why Korean students choose to study in
the U.S., it does not fully capture their decisions to return. Family ties and cultural reasons transcended reasons related
to economic mobility. The study also found that while both brain gain and brain circulation were present, brain adaptation
was especially prevalent. 相似文献