Genetic analysis of fruit shape traits at different maturation stages in sponge gourd

The fruit shape is important quantitative trait closely related to the fruit quality. However, the genetic model of fruit shapes has not been proposed. Therefore, in the present study, analysis of genetic effects for fruit shape traits （fruit length and fruit perimeter） in sponge gourd was conducted by employing a developmental genetic model including fruit direct effects and maternal effects. Analysis approaches of unconditional and conditional variances were applied to evaluate the genetic behavior of fruit shape traits at economical and physiological maturation times. The results of variance analysis indicated that fruit length and fruit perimeter were simultaneously affected by fruit direct genetic effects and maternal effects. Fruit direct genetic effects were relatively more important for fruit shape traits at whole developmental period. The gene expression was most active at the economical maturation stage （1-12 d after flowering） for two shape traits, and the activation of gene was mostly due to direct dominance effects at physiological maturation stage （13-60 datter flowering）. The coefficients due to different genetic effects, as well as the phenotypic correlation coefficients, varied significantly between fruit shape traits themselves at various maturation stages. The results showed that it was relatively easy to improve fruit shape traits for industrial purpose by carefully selecting the parents at economical maturation stage instead of that at physiological maturation stage.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mrakia psychrophila</Emphasis> sp. nov., a new species isolated from Antarctic soil

The yeast strain （Y18） was isolated from a soil sample collected from Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. The strain is a psychrophilic yeast with optimum and maximum growth temperatures of 10 ℃ and 18 ℃, respectively. Teliospores were formed after 7 d on malt agar, when the germination of teliospores was observed. Both inositol and D-glucuronate were assimilated. Positive results of the DBB （diazonium blue B） color reaction, urease test, and starch formation were observed. The major CoQ is Qs. All results indicated that Y18 belongs to the genes of Mrakia. The 18S rDNA sequence analyses showed that Y18 is closely related to Mrakiafrigida. DNA-DNA relatedness study, and some biochemistry characteristics indicated that Y18 represents a new species for which Mrakia psychrophila sp. nov. is proposed.     

“Writing Will Keep You Free”: Allusions to and Recreations of the Fairy Tale Heroine in <Emphasis Type="Italic">The House on Mango Street</Emphasis>

This article explores how Sandra Cisneros alludes to and recasts popular fairy tales in The House on Mango Street to reveal their troubled legacy in the lives of many women in the novel. Drawing upon Latina feminist theory and Cisneros’s autobiographical writing, this article posits that the main character Esperanza’s alternative “happily ever after” comes through locating the vocation of writing as the fulcrum for self-definition and social change. It is suggested that feminist literary criticism can be enhanced through analysis of heroines from diverse cultural backgrounds and theoretical frameworks attuned to racial and ethnic diversity.

Phonological processing and emergent literacy in younger and older preschool children

Phonological awareness, phonological memory, and phonological access to lexical storage play important roles in acquiring literacy. We examined the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of these phonological processing abilities (PPA) in 389 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity of each PPA as separate from general cognitive ability and separate from each other. Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) with mean structure demonstrated that older preschoolers have better developed latent PPA than younger preschoolers but that the structure of PPA is equivalent. RAN was found uniquely associated with letter knowledge and text discrimination in younger preschoolers, and PA was found uniquely associated with word reading skills in older preschoolers. Finally, general cognitive ability was only indirectly associated with emergent literacy via PPA. These results highlight the importance of PPA in the early literacy development of English-speaking preschool children.     

中国环境保护的难点与破解之道

中国环境保护事业飞速发展,在经济高速增长的同时,环境质量恶化的趋势得以减缓。但由于治理的速度仍赶不上污染的速度,环境形势依然严峻。做好新形势下的环保工作,必须加快环境与经济的融合,加快实现三个转变:一是从重经济增长轻环境保护转变为保护环境与经济增长并重;二是从环境保护滞后于经济发展转变为环境保护和经济发展同步;三是从主要用行政办法保护环境转变为综合运用法律、经济、技术和必要的行政办法解决环境问题。必须在国家战略层面将环境与经济有机结合起来,将环境保护的要求渗透到产业政策、货币政策、价格政策、财税政策和贸易政策之中,以环境友好的政策确保发展战略的顺利实施;将环境保护的领域由以生产为主,拓展到消费、分配、流通的各个环节,形成覆盖再生产全过程的环境管理体系;坚持从经济全球化的战略高度驾驭环境保护。     

承德农业生态系统分析

承德市农业生态系统尚未摆脱传统农业模式,无偿利用的环境资源能值较高,经营粗放,生产效率不高,但生产潜力巨大。承德农业生态系统的表土损失率不高,比河北其它各市的土壤保持价值量都要大,这对于作为京津水源供应地和生态屏障地来说,则具有非常重要的意义。     

创新扩散驱动的领域隐性知识地图构建：以微电子领域为例

[目的 /意义]探究知识创新扩散路径下的隐性知识扩散和转移行为,据此构建蕴含专家学者隐性知识的知识地图,对推动知识共享与创新至关重要。[方法 /过程]首先从科学知识图谱与知识地图融合的角度明确创新扩散驱动的隐性知识地图构建原理,在此基础上建构隐性知识地图构建流程模型,并以微电子领域为例,围绕主题、学科、机构、地区4个维度内的创新扩散路径,衍生出隐性知识载体的内在关联,借助可视化方式构建隐性知识地图,探究专家隐性知识扩散和转移行为规律。[结果 /结论 ]提出以创新扩散为驱动的微电子领域内的隐性知识地图构建方案,追踪知识创新扩散脉络与隐性知识载体间知识流动行为,可充分满足专家定位、团队构建、专家推荐三个场景下的独特需求。     

思想政治理论课教学交往的缺失与建构

思想政治理论课教学是师生多级主体间的交往互动、合作共享、共同发展的过程。它追求在教师的价值引导与学生的自主建构过程中实现师生思想政治素质的全面提升。然而,目前思想政治理论课教学实践中普遍存在着交往缺失的现象,我们应该在马克思主义交往实践观的指导下,积极建构交往式教学模式,增强思政课教学的实效性。     

基于Vb和Flash的电力电子技术实验教学系统的设计

针对电力电子技术可控整流部分的内容,设计了基于Vb和Flash的实验教学系统,通过Flash实现各电路工作原理的动态演示,通过Vb的编程作图功能实现对可控整流电路的实验控制,并实现了2种软件的有机融合.在实际实验教学中,有效地改善了教学手段,激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了教学质量,锻炼了学生的动手能力.     

民族高校细胞生物学实验教学改革探索

为了进一步培养民族高校学生的实验技能,在细胞生物学实验课程教学中,实验课教学小组通过不断改革教学方法,适应新的教学体系,及时调整实验教学内容和形式,以及建立完善的成绩评定体系,把好教学质量关,充分发掘学生的潜能,增强学生学习的自信心和兴趣,从而达到提高学生实验技能的目的.通过对近4年的细胞生物学实验成绩的分析,结果显示,实验对绝大多数学生在提高专业技能、培养独立工作能力、提高分析问题和解决问题能力、提高自主学习意识和能力、增强团队协作意识等方面有很大帮助.