竞技《系统训练监控学》构建的理论原理及应用研究

摘要：对竞技表现能力变化过程的量化分析与评估是教练员客观了解训练效果、修正训练计划和科学控制训练进程的主要途径。通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法和实验法,以系统复杂性和复杂生物系统自组织理论为科学基础,从竞技训练系统认识的发展对训练监控的需求与逻辑定位,对《系统训练监控学》的理论原理进行了深入的研究与探讨,提出：训练监控的核心是对竞技能力目标训练各相关要素作用在训练过程中时序效应的评估与掌握,竞赛目标的状态经验定位是训练监控设计的逻辑依据,竞赛目标定态的时序生物效应,构成了监控的多学科多指标群系统,并对“内环境稳态”与“竞赛目标系统状态”的区别,进行了较为深入的理论分析。从理论和应用的角度发展了训练监控的科学思路,为竞技训练的科学控制提供了必须的科学认识基础。     

人参黄连对力竭运动大鼠血清肌钙蛋白T、脑钠肽以及心脏的可能影响实验研究

目的：：观察人参黄连对力竭运动大鼠血清肌钙蛋白T( cTnI)、脑钠肽( BNP)的影响,探讨其对运动力竭大鼠心脏的保护机制。方法：运用游泳运动建立大鼠疲劳模型,随机分为人参黄连运动即刻组( A)、人参黄连运动后24h组(B)、人参黄连安静组(C)、运动即刻组(D)、运动后24h组(E)、安静组(F),C、F组休息状态,A 、B、D、E组游泳训练。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定大鼠血清cTnI和BNP。 B、C、E、F组血cTnI和BNP值明显低于A、D组(P<0.01)。此外,与E组相比,B组血cTnI和BNP值明显降低。结论：人参黄连可降低血清cTnI和BNP,直接或间接促进心肌可逆性损伤和局域性不可逆微损伤的恢复,对力竭运动大鼠心脏损伤有保护作用,对运动性疲劳也有消除或延缓作用。     

微信平台在职业体育俱乐部品牌传播中的应用研究 ——以CBA东莞新世纪俱乐部微信公众号为例

微信平台为职业体育俱乐部搭建了一个"内容为王、个性有趣、互动沟通、增值盈利"的品牌传播平台.文章运用实证调查、文献分析等方法,以CBA东莞新世纪篮球俱乐部公众微信号为例,对其使用现状、现存问题以及优化对策进行了全面研究,提出了搭建服务平台、提高服务质量来优化传播的策略.     

芬兰、德国、中国版糖尿病风险筛查量表的比较及中国版量表的修订

摘要：目的：1）选择芬兰版糖尿病风险筛查量表、德国版糖尿病风险筛查量表、中国版糖尿病风险筛查量表,对同一批研究对象进行筛查,以评价3个量表在中国糖尿病筛查中的应用效果;2）对中国版糖尿病风险筛查量表进行修订。方法：选取北京某医院参与日常体检者,对其进行问卷调查;由经过培训的调查人员对其进行测量,并记录其年龄、性别、身高、体重、腰围、臀围等形态指标以及空腹血浆葡萄糖和餐后2 h血浆葡萄糖指标。用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）的曲线下面积（AUC）反应筛查方法的准确度;用约登指数反应不同累计分值对目标人群筛检的效果。结果：1）芬兰版、德国版、中国版量表的AUC分别为0.770（95%CI：0.707~0.826,P<0.0001）、0.658（95%CI：0.589~0.722,P=0.0001）和0.819（95%CI：0.760~0.869,P<0.0001）;2）中国改编版量表的AUC为0.814（95%CI：0.755~0.865,P<0.0001）。结论：1）中国版量表的筛查效果优于芬兰版和德国版量表,较适用于中国人群的糖尿病筛查;2）中国改编版量表包括年龄、BMI、腰围、收缩压、舒张压、体力活动、DM家族史和高血糖史共8个条目（评分范围为0~124分）,它具有较好的筛查效果,适用于中国人群的糖尿病筛查。     

杨善洲人生价值观与教师教育境界提升

杨善洲是中国共产党的优秀共产党员,是党的好干部,是人民的楷模。教师是灵魂的工程师,从小学至大学,教师教育境界的高低直接影响学生德行的培养,以杨善洲人生价值观为导向,引导教师教育境界提升,对于培养社会主义主义接班人具有重大意义。     

A Policy Entrepreneur in the Information Society: Shaping the Interdisciplinarity of Brain Research in Korea

This paper aims to show the historical contingency of policy entrepreneurship in science by analyzing the case of brain research in South Korea during the last decade of the 20th century. This decade saw an increasing emphasis placed upon the development of information technology and its use for societal changes. The rise of the “Information Society” in Korea was an important context for shaping the field of brain research as an amalgam of multiple disciplines which led to the passage of the Brain Research Promotion Act; the first law in the world enacted to promote brain research. This paper, through focusing on in what context someone takes up an entrepreneurial role, shows how the concept of interdisciplinarity has been shaped by, and how it has influenced the development of brain research and its related policy measures in Korea. It ultimately reveals the contingent and transient aspect of a policy entrepreneur and his effect on building a new field.     

The Grand Challenges Discourse: Transforming Identity Work in Science and Science Policy

This article analyzes the concept of “grand challenges” as part of a shift in how scientists and policymakers frame and communicate their respective agendas. The history of the grand challenges discourse helps to understand how identity work in science and science policy has been transformed in recent decades. Furthermore, the question is raised whether this discourse is only an indicator, or also a factor in this transformation. Building on conceptual history and historical semantics, the two parts of the article reconstruct two discursive shifts. First, the observation that in scientific communication references to “problems” are increasingly substituted by references to “challenges” indicates a broader cultural trend of how attitudes towards what is problematic have shifted in the last decades. Second, as the grand challenges discourse is rooted in the sphere of sports and competition, it introduces a specific new set of societal values and practices into the spheres of science and technology. The article concludes that this process can be characterized as the sportification of science, which contributes to self-mobilization and, ultimately, to self-optimization of the participating scientists, engineers, and policymakers.     

From a Means to an End: Patenting in the 1999 Danish ‘Act on Inventions’ and its Effect on Research Practice

This paper examines the potential pitfalls for academic research associated with goal displacements in the implementation of goals and indicators of research commercialization. We ask why patenting has come to serve as the key policy indicator of innovative capacity and what consequences this has for the organization of academic research. To address these questions, the paper presents a case study from Denmark on, firstly, why and how the 1999 Danish ‘Act on Inventions’ introduced patenting as a central instrument to Danish science policy and, secondly, the effects the Act has had on Danish university organization and research practices. We trace why and how commercialization was introduced as an important objective in Danish science policy since the 1980s. The increased focus on patents is explained as an isomorphic adjustment to an international ‘science policy field,’ manifested in particular through OECD statistics, where patenting has come to serve as a key metric in international rankings. In a second step, we examine what effects the patenting requirements have had on organization and research practice at a Danish university. We show that in practice ‘number of patents’ changed from serving as an indicator of innovative capacity to being a policy goal in itself, thus in effect producing a goal displacement that is potentially damaging for both academic research and innovation capacity of the surrounding society. As a consequence of this goal displacement, active scientists now increasingly engage in patenting primarily as a means to fulfill organizational targets and to increase their ‘fundability,’ rather than to promote commercial applications of their research. In conclusion, we discuss how these unfulfilled policy ambitions have led to a retrospective redefinition of policy goals rather than an adjustment of the actual policy tools.     

Situated Knowledge Production,International Impact: Changing Publishing Practices in a German Engineering Department

In this paper, I analyze how recent calls to internationalize publication behavior affect research practices at an automotive engineering department in Germany. Automotive engineering is a field with traditionally rather scarce publication activity and strong connections to industry. Substantial authority to define suitable research problems and ways of organizing knowledge production on a daily basis was therefore reserved for local academic elites as well as corporate partners. However, as engineers are increasingly expected to prove their performance through publishing in international peer-reviewed journals, the judgment as to what should be considered “interesting” or “robust” research is partly relegated to a gradually globalizing community of academic peers. This generates a variety of tensions with established ways of coordinating epistemic work at the department studied here. For example, the thematic interests of journals tend to exert a disruptive centrifugal pull in the context of an otherwise highly modular research culture, and possibilities to publish in international venues are unequally distributed across individual research projects. But while department members agree that there is a lack of fit between current practices and new expectations towards their publishing behavior, their opinions about the conclusions that should be drawn differ significantly. Some researchers argue that profound organizational changes are necessary to foster the academic rigor of German engineering research. Others believe that evaluation criteria should simply be adapted. This situation is arguably characteristic for research areas with a traditionally strong orientation to local stakeholders, and it suggests a need for more deliberative, participatory approaches to research evaluation in such fields.     

Projectification of Doctoral Training? How Research Fields Respond to a New Funding Regime

Funding is an important mechanism for exercising influence over ever more parts of academic systems. In order to do so, funding agencies attempt to export their functional and normative prerequisites for financing to new fields. One essential requirement for fundees is then to construct research processes in the form of a project beforehand, one that is limited in time, scope and content. This article demonstrates how the public funding of doctoral programs expands this model of project research from experienced academics to the socialization process for the new academic generation. This process of “projectification” underlies funding-driven institutional changes in doctoral training. A multi-level comparative study of German policies, funding mechanisms and organizational frameworks for doctoral training demonstrates the emergence of a specific model of predefined PhD projects. The investigation of doctoral training practices reveals that socio-epistemic preconditions regulate whether research fields adopted or rejected this demanding model. This result contradicts widespread claims about a radical change in doctoral training and suggests focusing on the actual practices of field-specific doctoral research.