When everything is under control: Chronicling the affective containment experiences of Filipino elderly in institutionalized settings

Affective Containment has been recognized as a means to manage negative experience by projecting emotions to others. To date, there are no known literatures on the process of affective containment in the elderly context; hence, this grounded theory investigation. This study aims to describe the process by which affective containment is experienced by a select group of institutionalized Filipino elderly. To achieve the overall intent of this study, Strauss and Corbin’s Grounded Theory design was employed. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were carried out among 20 institutionalized Filipino elderly. Field texts were subjected to thematic analysis involving open, axial, and selective coding. The overall validity of the findings was ensured through member checking procedure. An interesting set of phases emerged relative to the layer of experience, namely: Holding-up, Gearing-up, and Opening-up; collectively known as the 3-Stage Analogy of Elderly Affective Containment. Said model describes how emotions can be contained to other individuals through interactions inside the institution. The study has eidetically described and examined the process of affective containment among the institutionalized Filipino elderly. Findings of the study invite nurses to put premium to nurse–patient relationship and provide timely interventions with a view to improving emotional health.     

Effects of pre-competitional rapid weight loss on nutrition,vitamin status and oxidative stress in elite boxers

Dietary intake, vitamin status and oxidative stress were evaluated in 17 elite male boxers. Ten of them frequently reduced body weight rapidly before competitions (Weight Loss Group) and 7 did not practice rapid weight loss (Control Group). Food record checklists, blood samples for determination of vitamin status and plasma glutathione levels were obtained during a week of weight maintenance, a pre-competition week and a post-competition week. The average dietary intakes in both groups were 33 ± 8 kcal·kg^?1, 3.7 ± 1.1 g·kg^?1 carbohydrates, 1.5 ± 0.4 g·kg^?1 protein, 1.2 ± 0.4 g·kg^?1 fat and 2.2 ± 1.0 L water per day (excluding pre-competition week in Weight Loss Group). Energy (18 ± 7 kcal·kg^?1), carbohydrate (2.2 ± 0.8 g·kg^?1), protein (0.8 ± 0.4 g·kg^?1), fat (0.6 ± 0.3 g·kg^?1) and water (1.6 ± 0.6 L) consumption (P-values <0.001) and intakes of most vitamins (P-values < 0.05) were significantly reduced during the pre-competition week in the Weight Loss Group. In both groups, the intakes of vitamins A, E and folate were below recommended values throughout the three periods; however, blood vitamin and plasma glutathione levels did not change significantly. Our findings indicate a low-caloric and low-carbohydrate diet in elite boxers, regardless of participating in rapid weight loss or not. Apparently, the pre-competitional malnutitrition in the Weight Loss Group did not induce alterations in the vitamin and glutathione status.     

Prosperity,sustainable employment and social justice: Challenges for the German labor market in the twenty-first century

This paper analyzes the effects of German labor market reforms on the competitiveness and performance of the German economy. The contribution starts with giving some background information on the rationale behind the reforms and stresses the specific structure of the German economy. We then describe the salient effects of the reforms for employment and labor market integration. Finally, the dark side of the reforms, i.e., labor market segmentation and wage inequality, are addressed, which leads to the general question of how the reforms can be reconciled with the notion of social justice.     

Transfer of metacognitive skills in self-regulated learning: an experimental training study

Metacognition and Learning - Training interventions for self-regulated learning foster the use of strategies and skills as well as their transfer to new learning tasks. Because cognitive strategies...     

Evolution?rer Test von Realzeitsystemen

Zusammenfassung.   Die Entwicklung von Realzeitsystemen ist eine wesentliche Aufgabe im industriellen Umfeld. Der dynamische Test ist die wichtigste analytische Qualit?tssicherungsmethode für Realzeitsysteme. Der dynamische Test ist das einzige Verfahren, mit dem das Laufzeitverhalten der Systeme in der tats?chlichen Einsatzumgebung überprüft werden kann. Bestehende Testmethoden konzentrieren sich weitgehend auf den Test des funktionalen Verhaltens von Systemen. Sie bieten keine besondere Unterstützung für den Test des zeitlichen Verhaltens. Für die Korrektheit von Realzeitsystemen sind jedoch beide Aspekte gleicherma?en wichtig. Folglich müssen die bestehenden Methoden um neue Ans?tze erg?nzt werden, die auf die Prüfung des zeitlichen Verhaltens spezialisiert sind. Ein Fehler im Zeitverhalten von Realzeit-Systemen liegt dann vor, wenn es zul?ssige Eingabesituationen gibt, für die das System nicht in der Lage ist, die spezifizierten zeitlichen Anforderungen zu erfüllen. In den meisten F?llen ist dies darauf zurückzuführen, da?das System eine Ausgabe zu früh macht oder da?die Berechnung einer Ausgabe zu lange dauert und diese daher zu sp?t erfolgt. Aufgabe des Testers ist es folglich, die Eingabesituationen mit den l?ngsten und kürzesten Ausführungszeiten zu finden, um zu überprüfen, ob die für das System spezifizierten Zeitschranken verletzt werden. Wird die Suche nach entsprechenden Eingabesituationen als Optimierungsproblem interpretiert, dann k?nnen evolution?re Algorithmen verwendet werden, um die Eingaben mit den l?ngsten und kürzesten Ausführungszeiten automatisch zu suchen. Die zu optimierende Zielfunktion entspricht hierbei den gemessenen Ausführungszeiten, die generierten Individuen repr?sentieren Testdaten. Die Verwendung evolution?rer Algorithmen für den Test nennen wir evolution?ren Test. Zum Vergleich des evolution?ren Tests mit anderen Testmethoden wurden in dieser Arbeit mehrere Experimente durchgeführt. In allen Experimenten erreicht der evolution?re Test l?ngere bzw. kürzere Ausführungszeiten als durch Zufallstests oder systematische Tests gefunden werden. Der evolution?re Test erscheint daher als gut geeignet für die Prüfung der zeitlichen Korrektheit von Realzeitsystemen. Die Kombination des evolution?ren Tests mit systematischen Tests kann die Testqualit?t weiter verbessern und wird in diesem Papier als Teststrategie für Realzeitsysteme empfohlen. Eingegangen am 14. Dezember 1999 / Angenommen am 30. Mai 2000     

Persistent Reusable Java Virtual Machine unter z/OS und Linux

Zusammenfassung Die Nutzung von Java zur Entwicklung von Anwendungen für Hochleistungstransaktionssysteme stellt besondere Anforderungen an die Isolation und das Leistungsverhalten in der transaktionalen Ausführung. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine neuartige Technologie beschrieben, die verbesserte Isolationseigenschaften und eine erhebliche Leistungssteigerung erm?glicht. Die Persistent Reusable Java Virtual Machine erweitert eine normale Java Virtual Machine um gemeinsam genutzte Klassen und um eine Reset-Funktionalit?t, die eine serielle Wiederverwendbarkeit erm?glicht. In einer Benchmark-Untersuchung unter z/OS wurde hiermit ein Performance-Gewinn um einen Faktor 325 im Vergleich mit einer normalen JVM erreicht. Für das Erstellen von Transaktionsanwendungen unter dem Betriebssystem z/OS sind Enterprise Java Beans damit eine ernstzunehmende Alternative zu bisherigen Programmiermodellen.

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The use of Java for the development of new applications in high-end transaction systems generates special isolation and performance requirements. A new technology offering improved isolation and a significant performance improvement is discussed in this article. The Persistent Reusable Java Virtual Machine extends a regular Java Virtual Machine by adding the facility to share classes and by providing a reset functionality, which permits serial reuse of the JVM. A z/OS benchmark demonstrated a performance improvement by a factor of 325, compared to a regular JVM. Thus the use of Enterprise Java Beans has to be considered as a serious alternative when developing new transactional applications under the z/OS operating system.

     

Improving students' reading comprehension skills: Effects of strategy instruction and reciprocal teaching

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different forms of strategy instruction on 210 elementary-school students' reading comprehension. Students were assigned to any one of three intervention conditions or to a traditional instruction condition (control condition). Training students were taught four reading strategies (summarizing, questioning, clarifying, predicting) and practiced these strategies in small groups (reciprocal teaching), pairs, or instructor-guided small groups. At both the post- and follow-up test the intervention students attained higher scores on an experimenter-developed task of reading comprehension and strategy use than the control students who received traditional instruction. Furthermore, students who practiced reciprocal teaching in small groups outperformed students in instructor-guided and traditional instruction groups on a standardized reading comprehension test.     

Examining between‐group and within‐group effects of a peer‐assisted reading strategies intervention

The present study sought to evaluate the effects of a reading strategy instructional program on the reading competence of third‐grade students. Students were instructed in fluent and strategic reading by trained research assistants in whole class settings and subsequently worked on expository text material together with peers. Their reading competence was assessed continuously: in the baseline phase prior to the intervention (4 times), while the intervention was in place (8 times), and after the end of the intervention (4 times). Additionally, reading competence in the wait list control students was assessed 8 times during the same time period. Accordingly, within‐ and between‐group comparisons of students’ test scores were conducted on the data, with both resulting in significant positive effects on the reading competence of intervention students. This research provides an example of how to strengthen the validity of quasiexperimental intervention research through the addition of design features like multiple measurement points.