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121.
122.
This article examines the use of the Repertory Grid technique derived from personal construct theory as a tool to aid the reflection of teachers and other professional working in Early Education. The main focus of the article is a study of the constructs used to describe children, elicited at the start and again at the end of a module ‘Children's Development and Learning’, which formed part of a continuing professional development postgraduate award in Early Education. Completed grids provided a focus for reflective written commentary and informal group discussion by practitioners. Additional information was obtained by interviews with practitioners after the module had been completed. The approach was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analysis of the participants' grids using the Rep Grid 2 package and by evaluation of the end of module interviews. The potential of the personal construct approach for supporting professional reflection in general and its particular application in Early Education is then explored. 相似文献
123.
124.
Joan L. Whipp R. A. Lorentz 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2009,57(2):169-192
While literature suggests that college students may be less reluctant to seek help in online rather than traditional courses,
little is known about how online instructors give help in ways that lead to increased student help seeking and academic success.
In this study, we used theories and research on learning assistance and scaffolding, teacher immediacy, social presence, and
academic help seeking to explore through a cross-case study design how three online instructors differed in their use of cognitive
and social supports and how those differences related to student perceptions of support, help seeking, and performance. Primary
data sources included all course postings by the instructors, interviews with the instructors, observational field notes on
course discussions, student interviews, and final student grades. Archived course documents and student discussion postings
were secondary data sources. Data analysis revealed that while all instructors provided cognitive and social support, they
varied in their level of questioning, use of direct instruction, support for task structuring, and attention to group dynamics.
This variation in teaching presence related to differences across the courses in student perceptions of support, student help
seeking in course discussions, and final course grades. Implications for online teaching and suggestions for further research
are offered.
相似文献
Joan L. WhippEmail: |
125.
This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study concerning the development of higher-order conceptual understanding of Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) among physical education pre-service teachers. The development of such understandings has been seen as problematic among pre-service teachers (Randall, 2003). An analysis of the responses given in a high- stakes examination of 165 pre-service physical education teachers was used to investigate varying levels of understanding in TGfU pedagogy. This paper reports specific examples of student responses in a written high-stakes examination and justifies how a two-cycle structure of the observed learning outcome (SOLO) model can discriminate between the demonstrations of surface and deep conceptual understandings. 相似文献
126.
This paper reports the experiences of 150 children and six primary teachers when active learning pedagogies were introduced into the first year of primary schools. Although active learning increased the amount of talk between children, those from socio‐economically advantaged homes talked more than those from less advantaged homes. Also, individual children experienced very little time engaged in high‐quality talk with the teacher, despite the teachers spending over one‐third of their time responding to children's needs and interests. Contextual differences, such as the different staffing ratios in schools and pre‐schools, may affect how well the benefits of active learning transfer from pre‐school contexts into primary schools. Policy‐makers and teachers should pay particular attention to the implications of this for the education of children from economically less advantaged home backgrounds. 相似文献
127.
Nancye E. McCrary Joan M. Mazur 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2010,58(3):325-342
Experienced teachers, tasked with mentoring, often find themselves inundated with large amounts of didactic information as
they prepare for guiding new interns. In an effort to develop training that would both prepare new mentors and revitalize
experienced mentors, a state Educational Professional Standards Board enlisted the help of instructional designers to develop
an innovative online course. The focal point of the course design is a narrative simulation, embedded with standards-based
information, that provides user-selected, multiple outcomes as decision points to support dialogic reflection. Theoretical
and practical considerations for conceptualizing this multiple outcome strategy, quality review components and design specifications
are discussed. 相似文献
128.
The current reform movement in mathematics education urges teachers to support students as they make sense of mathematics, while also ensuring that they gain specific mathematical skills and knowledge. The tension between these two expectations gives rise to what we call the dilemma of telling: how to ensure that students come to certain mathematical understandings, without directly telling them what they need to know or do. Our study focused on how two middle school mathematics teachers who were incorporating many aspects of reform mathematics into their instruction responded to this dilemma. Data sources include classroom observations and videotapes of lessons over a three-year period. We found that both teachers devoted the majority of class time to student conversations, both small group and whole class; however, the teachers strategically entered the student-dominated conversations by “telling” to meet specific curricular goals. 相似文献
129.
Christine Stephen Jennifer Ellis Joan Martlew 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2010,18(4):315-329
This paper examines the extension of active learning pedagogical practices familiar in preschool settings to the first class of primary school. Policy and practice guidance in the UK is advocating the benefits of experiential learning as a way of engaging young children as they move into primary school but for teachers this means a move to new practices which can be in tension with other expectations. In this paper, the rationale for active learning is considered along with an account of the classroom activities of teachers and children in five primary schools that were implementing the policy shift to active learning. The children in these classes spent varying amounts of time in whole class activities led by the teacher or in small groups directed to engage with specific activities. They had opportunities to engage and respond verbally, through manipulating objects and with physical actions but the emphasis was on planned, teacher-directed learning activities. The characteristics of active learning as introduced in these innovative classes are compared with the expectations of practice guidance and theorising about early learning. 相似文献
130.
Privacy has been defined as “the protective buffer within which people can avoid another party’s taking something from them, keeping watch over them, or entering into their lives in a way that is both unwelcome and undesirable”. It is a premise of this paper that such a position needs to be taken very seriously in contemporary society, and particularly in the case of schools, as school personnel have the capacity to engage in practices which show great disregard for individual and family privacy. This is illustrated in the case of primary school education in the Republic of Ireland. Particular attention is paid to assessment, pedagogical and curricular practices that derive from patterns of systematic and mandatory disclosure that are confessional, performative and public. 相似文献