Changing Technologies

UNDERSTANDING NEW MEDIA: TRENDS AND ISSUES IN ELECTRONIC DISTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION,edited by Benjamin M. Compaine (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger, 1984—$29.95).

ELECTRONIC MARKETING: EMERGING 'IV AND COMPUTER CHANNELS FOR INTERACTIVE HOME SHOPPING, by Lawrence Strauss (White Plains, New York: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1983—$34.95).

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY , by Peter Zorkoczy (White Plains, New York: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1982—$29.95).

INFORMATION NETWORK SYSTEM: TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, by Yasusada Kitahara (Edison, New Jersey: Heinemann Educational Books, 1983—$15.00).

CABLE TELEVISION , by William Grant (Reston, Virginia: Reston Publishing, 1983—$23.95).

CABLE TELEVISION: AN ASSESSMENT OF CRITICAL ISSUES IN WASHINGTON, D.C. (Washington, D.C.: Institute for District Affairs of the University of the District of Columbia, n.d., but 1984—price not given, paper).

THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES IN PUBLIC RELATIONS—A SOURCEBOOK OF GENERAL INFORMATION (Washington, D.C.: The Media Institute, 1983—price not given, paper).

INTRODUCING CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS: THE NEW MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM , by Stan Prentiss (Blue Ridge Sumniit, Pennsylvania: Tab Books, 1984-$9.95, paper).

CHANGING INFORMATION CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES: A READER FOR THE PROFESSIONAL LIBRARIAN White Plains, New York: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1982—price not given, paper).

BOOKS, LIBRARIES AND ELECTRONICS: ESSAYS ON THE FUTURE OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (White Plains, New York: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1982—$24.95).

THE SUBCARRIER PAGING GUIDE, by Alan A. Reite and ThOrnas J. Buono (Subcarrier Publishing, P.O. Box 57011, Washington, D.C. 20037—$75.00, paper).     

Commentary: Value and Digital Rights Management—A Social Economics Approach

The rise of digital media has created a number of problems for copyright, in large part by removing the physical constraints of copying associated with older media forms. The concept of digital rights management (DRM) has been pushed as one solution, restoring technological constraints on copying. There are, however, other issues associated with DRM approaches; they are costly and can be used to restrict access and use of content beyond the specific rights granted by copyright policy. These costs and additional restrictions reduce the value of content, affecting its demand and use, with repercussions for the creation of both private and social value. This paper will examine several proposed digital rights management approaches from a social economics perspective—an approach that emphasizes recognition of indirect and social sources of value, and the implications of policy for such value.     

Addressing Real Issues for the Uncertain and Challenging Environment of the Media Industry

Emerging theory suggests that news directors in local television emulate the thinking of their general managers. This possibility has proven difficult to test, however, because news directors and general managers generally have unrelated work roles. A study of anchor hiring, a duty they do have in common, reveals a shared concern about both journalistic and economic factors. Thus it may be a mistake to assume these managers always prioritize the "bottom line" as some have speculated.     

Exploring the Impact of Varying Degrees of Cognitive Conflict in the Generation of both Subject and Pedagogical Knowledge as Primary Trainee Teachers Learn about Shadow Formation

Primary teacher preparation courses to need support students in developing not only science content knowledge, but also pedagogical knowledge appropriate to the effective translation and representation of subject matter for learners in classrooms. In the case of the generalist primary trainee, this constitutes a considerable challenge. This study explored how a group of 13 primary trainees developed subject and pedagogical knowledge during university‐based training as they investigated shadow production in a variety of contexts using cognitive conflict as a strategy for promoting conceptual change. By using a metacognitive approach, students analysed their own learning in response to increasing depth of conflict within a series of shadow investigations. The results indicate that the depth of conflict perceived by the learners in this study was instrumental in inducing conceptual change and generating pedagogical insight within the domain of light.     

Recent developments in mastery learning 1

Mastery learning strategies have been widely used with considerable success in increasing the proportion of students attaining the mastery criterion. Students attaining mastery do, under appropriate conditions, change in their affect about the subject and themselves. Research on time and achievement in relation to mastery learning procedures show reduction in student variability and increases in learning efficiency and learning achievement.     

Text features and preschool teachers’ use of print referencing

Storybook features, such as linguistic richness and print salience, potentially influence how a teacher references print. This study addressed two research questions: (1) to what extent does the linguistic richness and print salience of children's storybooks relate to teachers’ use of print referencing? and (2) to what extent is there an interplay between storybooks’ linguistic richness and print salience when predicting teachers’ use of print referencing? Fifty‐seven teachers participated in a whole‐group read‐aloud intervention while including print‐referencing behaviours. Researchers analysed teacher videos in order to (1) document teachers’ use of print referencing and (2) document the storybook's linguistic features and print salience. Results indicated that print salience is highly positively related to teachers’ use of print referencing. Also, the constructs of Print Salience Metric (PSM) and total words predicted teachers’ use of print referencing, and the interaction between PSM and mean length of sentence was significant for storybooks with moderate and high PSM scores.