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151.
Written stories of normally achieving and learning disabled children in grades one through three were compared, using a Handwriting Evaluation Scale designed for this study. The subjects also were given tests for receptive language, figure copying and spelling. The Non-LD and LD groups differed on figure copying, spelling and written productivity, but not receptive language. The Non-LD grade level groups differed significantly on two components of the handwriting scale (Letter Size and Control), while the LD grade level groups differed on three components (Letter Formation, Alignment and Spacing, and Letter Size). The most pronounced differences between the LD and normally achieving children were on Formation and Size. A separate analysis of the third grade stories revealed that handwriting was less related to productivity than spelling and visual-motor skills. Nevertheless, the results indicated that many LD students have weak visual-spatial-motor skills. Implications for intervention are discussed. 相似文献
152.
Joanne Elisabeth Edmondston Renato Schibeci 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(18):2451-2474
Despite rapid growth of the biotechnology industry worldwide, a number of public concerns about the application of biotechnology and its regulation remain. In response to these concerns, greater emphasis has been placed on promoting biotechnologists’ public engagement. As tertiary science degree programmes form the foundation of the biotechnology sector by providing a pipeline of university graduates entering into the profession, it has been proposed that formal science communication training be introduced at this early stage of career development. The aim of the present study was to examine the views of biotechnology students towards science communication and science communication training. Using an Australian biotechnology degree programme as a case study, 69 undergraduates from all three years of the programme were administered a questionnaire that asked them to rank the importance of 12 components of a biotechnology curriculum, including two science communication items. The results were compared to the responses of 274 students enrolled in other science programmes. Additional questions were provided to the second year biotechnology undergraduates and semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 13 of these students to further examine their views of this area. The results of this study suggest that the biotechnology students surveyed do not value communication with non‐scientists nor science communication training. The implications of these findings for the reform of undergraduate biotechnology courses yet to integrate science communication training into their science curriculum are discussed. 相似文献
153.
According to recent psychological theories of situation model construction, readers routinely and quickly construct inferences that elaborate causal antecedents of explicit events in the text, but not inferences about causal consequences. The process of forecasting lengthy causal chains into the future is taxing on working memory, so these inferences are either not constructed or their construction consumes a comparatively large amount of reading time. This study collected self-paced sentence reading times from younger and older adults who read expository texts on scientific and technological mechanisms. Readers were also measured on working memory span, general world knowledge, reasoning ability, and reading frequency. Multiple regression analyses on the reading times revealed that (a) causal consequence inferences were more time consuming than causal antecedent inferences and (b) noncausal elaborative inferences were not constructed. The pattern of beta weights for inference variables was remarkably similar for younger and older adults and was unaffected by other measures of individual differences. The process of constructing causal inferences is therefore stable and predictable across different groups of readers. 相似文献
154.
Joanne Orlando 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2014,42(4):347-362
The work of philosopher Jacques Rancière is used conceptually and methodologically to frame an exploration of the driving interests in educational technology policy and the sanctioning of particular discursive constructions of pedagogy that result. In line with Rancière’s thinking, the starting point for this analysis is that of equality – that people are legally, morally, intellectually, and in their everyday practices discursively equal. The use of Rancière’s concepts, demos, police, and politics, to analyse three educational technology policies internationally shows that teachers are positioned within these policies as discursively unequal, and as intellectually inferior, not only in terms of technology expertise, but crucially as pedagogues. This positioning has important implications for teachers and teacher education. Teachers are capable of recognising and critiquing inequality, and this article makes a case for an act of politics that aims to reconfigure allocated identities and power imbalances in the educational technology order. 相似文献
155.
Michael P. Clough Craig A. Berg Joanne K. Olson 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2009,7(4):821-847
Learning and effective teaching are both complicated acts. However, many administrators, teachers, parents, and policymakers
appear not to recognize those complexities and their significance for practice. Fueling this perception, recommendations from
isolated research findings often neglect the complexities in learning and teaching, and when implemented in classrooms often fall
well short of the advertised effect. Consequently, education research is generally ignored, and the resulting research-practice
gap raises concerns regarding the utility of university-based teacher education, and education research more generally. However,
the strength of education research resides in the synergy resulting from its integration into a unifying system that guides,
but does not determine, decision-making. Dewey (1929) argued for teacher decision-making guided by education research, but recently several writers have justly criticized education
researchers for not providing comprehensible assistance to educators and policymakers (Good, 2007; Shymansky, 2006; Windschitl, 2005). This paper proposes a decision-making framework for teaching to help beginning and experienced teachers make sense of education
research, come to understand crucial teacher decisions, and how those decisions interact to affect student learning. The proposed
decision-making framework for teaching has significant utility in the design of science methods courses, science teacher education
programs, effective student teacher supervision experiences, and professional development workshops. 相似文献
156.
Recent studies of elementary teachers’ knowledge about reading have been built on the premise that teachers need thorough
knowledge about language and reading processes, but these studies have provided only limited evidence that teachers’ performance
on tests of such knowledge contributes to their students’ reading achievement. The present study was designed to examine the
contribution of first- through third-grade teachers’ knowledge about early reading to their students’ improvement on tests
of word analysis and reading comprehension, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics of students, their prior reading
achievement, and teachers’ educational attainment, professional experiences, and socio-demographic characteristics. Preliminary
analyses indicated that the test of teachers’ knowledge had adequate psychometric characteristics. However, performance on
this measure of teachers’ knowledge did not significantly explain students’ improvement on the two reading subtests. The complexity
of the factors that influence teachers’ knowledge acquisition and the context in which the study was carried out offer possible
explanations for these results. In addition, teachers’ content knowledge about reading might not be closely associated with
the practices they use in reading instruction, and therefore might not be significantly related to their students’ improvement
in reading over a year.
相似文献
Joanne F. CarlisleEmail: |
157.
This paper is linked to a previous paper outlining an evaluation of a thinking skills intervention (Burke & Williams, 2008). Following extensive requests for the assessment tools used in the intervention, this short paper presents the development and potential uses of two thinking skills assessment tools. The aim of the paper is simply to make these measures available for other researchers to use, adapt and extend them in future research. The Assessment of Pupils Thinking Skills (APTS) measure is a 14-item measure of a range of thinking skills and metacognition. The assessment can be used to provide a comparative measure across thinking skills or to provide a sum score of thinking skills and raise metacognitive awareness of thinking skills. It can be used to assess thinking skills interventions and to monitor change in thinking skills over time among 9 to 12-year-olds. The Individual Thinking Skills Assessments (ITSA) are six more in-depth measures of specific thinking skills that can be used before, during or after interventions to provide more detailed information on children's individual thinking skills. The APTS and the ITSA can be used separately or in conjunction to assess thinking skills and change in thinking skills among older children. 相似文献
158.
This study was designed to examine the effects of math anxiety and perfectionism on math performance, under timed testing conditions, among mathematically gifted sixth graders. We found that participants had worse math performance during timed versus untimed testing, but this difference was statistically significant only when the timed condition preceded the untimed condition. We also found that children with higher levels of either math anxiety or perfectionism had a smaller performance discrepancy during timed versus untimed testing, relative to children with lower levels of math anxiety or perfectionism. There were no statistically significant gender differences in overall test performance, nor in levels of math anxiety or perfectionism; however, the difference between performance on timed and untimed math testing was statistically significant for girls, but not for boys. Implications for educators are discussed. 相似文献
159.
160.