Approach-avoidance conflict in preweanling rats: A developmental study

Ten- and 15-day-old rat pups were trained with two procedures to approach an anesthetized mother, and then were punished for approaching. Both ages of subjects exhibited increased latencies to reapproach the mother, indicating passive inhibitions, but only the older pups retreated. All but one of the younger pups eventually reached the mother within 3 min after the punishment, while only half of the older pups did so. In a second experiment examining the development of locomotor avoidance reactions, 5- to 20-day-old rats were shocked without the mother present. Fifteen- and 20-day-old rats significantly decreased their activity patterns in reaction to shock and spent significantly less time in the shock area than either of the younger aged pups. These results suggest that flight reactions are components of a rat’s defensive repertoire that appear very rapidly between 10 and 15 days of age.     

How Do We Market to Distance Populations,and Does It Work?: Results From a Longitudinal Study and a Survey of the Profession

This article discusses the results of a longitudinal survey conducted by Kansas State University Libraries to assess the marketing of library services to the university's distance education population. The latest implementation of the survey revealed overall similar or increased awareness of and satisfaction with library services compared to the previous survey. Also included are results of a survey of library professionals on best practices for distance education librarians. Findings include the importance of developing relationships with campus distance education offices and faculty and the need to be persistent with marketing efforts to a changing population.     

Key Elements of a Successful Multi-System Collaboration for School-Based Mental Health: In-Depth Interviews with District and Agency Administrators

The alarming number of youth with unmet mental health needs in the US is a significant social problem. The pilot school-based mental health project described here established an innovative multi-system partnership between an urban school district, a public mental health agency, and a local university to better meet the mental health needs of youth in one community. This qualitative study employed in depth interviews with six key administrators who were instrumental in developing and executing the project to explore the most important factors that promoted the successful collaboration. Results of the interviews identified five major themes: (a) perceptions of the project, (b) barriers to collaboration, (c) motivating factors, (d) sustainability, and (e) lessons learned. Findings may be especially helpful to other communities interested in establishing a multi-system intervention to support at risk youth. Implications for practice and research are discussed.     

Organizational cultures of higher education institutions operating amid turbulence and an unstable environment: the Lebanese case

Higher Education - This paper seeks to categorize and analyze the organizational culture and organizational culture components – leadership style, decision-making modes, standards of...     

TO BECOME ONE'S OWN MEDIATOR

Promoted by the Free University of Brussels, supported by the EEC, the transnational action‐research “To become one's own mediator” is applying and evaluating a violence prevention programme in elementary schools. We are creating and introducing the programme to the children (ages 8 to 10) and training the educational personnel. Inquiries are being made: questionnaire on transgressions, semi‐directive conversation about definitions of “violence”, test of attitudes in front of situations including social interaction, etc… Through that action research, our goal is to encourage our decision makers to include socio‐emotional programme in the school basic cognitive training. (It should be noted by U.K. readers that ‘violence’ is used in European research to describe acts of incivility. The role of a primary school teacher is also less global For example children will usually be supervised outside the classroom by people employed for that task).     

Motion Pictures

Gerald Mast and Marshall Cohen (eds.) Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974 -- $4.95, paper)

Jump Cut (3130 West Schubert, Chicago, Ill. 60647 -- $3.00 per year for Six issues)

Sam Ewing and R.W. Abolin's Professional Filmmaking (Blue Ridge Summit, Pa.: TAB Books, 1974 -- $9.95)

David Coynik's Movie-Making, (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1974 -- $3.50 (2.63 to schools), paper with a teacher guide at $1.00, paper)

Lewis Yablonsky's George Raft (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974 -- $8.95)

Al DiOrio, Jr.'s Little Girl Lost: The Life and Hard Times of Judy Garland (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1974 -- $8.95)

Eileen Hsu-Balzer, Richard H. Balzer and Franciz K.J. Gsy's China Day by Day (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974 -- $15.00/7.95)     

Reviews

Books reviewed
Paul R. Trowler, ed. (2002) Higher Education Policy and Institutional Change: Intentions and Outcomes in Turbulent Environments. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press. 166 pp; ISBN 0-335209-19-X (hb).
Peter T. Knight (2002) Being a Teacher in Higher Education. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press. 245 pp; ISBN 0-335-20930-0 (pb.) £18.99.     

电泳沉积固体氧化物燃料电池关键参数研究综述（英文）

目的:电泳沉积是一种简单且具有成本效益的涂层技术。其出色的形态特征控制,适用于制造需要每个组件层都具有其独特属性的固体氧化物燃料电池。本文旨在综述电泳沉积的最新进展、制备稳定悬浮液所需的关键因素以及通过电泳沉积技术制造固体氧化物燃料电池所涉及的相关参数。创新点:1.分析了维持悬浮液稳定性的关键参数,包括粒径和固体载荷等胶体相关参数以及介电常数和电导率等悬浮介质相关参数。2.讨论了这些参数对粒子流动性、电动电位和电泳沉积技术于固体氧化物燃料电池应用的综合效应。方法:1.对以往的研究进行综述,并总结电泳沉积技术制造固体氧化物燃料电池组件层的发展(表1),包括稳定悬浮液的制备以及电泳沉积工艺关键参数的优化。结论:鉴于每个固体氧化物燃料电池组件层都涉及不同类型的材料,且每种材料都需要特定的参数来实现有效沉积,因此,为了获得各组件层所需要的性能,制备悬浮液配方的正确性和电泳沉积工艺的优化显得至关重要。     

Inertia and scaling in deterministic lateral displacement

The ability to separate and analyze chemical species with high resolution, sensitivity, and throughput is central to the development of microfluidics systems. Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a continuous separation method based on the transport of species through an array of obstacles. In the case of force-driven DLD (f-DLD), size-based separation can be modelled effectively using a simple particle-obstacle collision model. We use a macroscopic model to study f-DLD and demonstrate, via a simple scaling, that the method is indeed predominantly a size-based phenomenon at low Reynolds numbers. More importantly, we demonstrate that inertia effects provide the additional capability to separate same size particles but of different densities and could enhance separation at high throughput conditions. We also show that a direct conversion of macroscopic results to microfluidic settings is possible with a simple scaling based on the size of the obstacles that results in a universal curve.