The social stratification of theatre,dance and cinema attendance

In current sociological literature the relationship between social inequality and patterns of cultural taste and consumption is the subject of a large and complex debate. In this paper the primary aim is to examine, in the light of empirical results from a research project in which the authors are presently engaged, three main, and rival, positions that have been taken up in this debate, here labelled as the ‘homology’, the ‘individualization’ and the ‘omnivore–univore’ arguments. Elsewhere, we have concentrated on musical consumption in England, and find evidence that is broadly supportive of the omnivore–univore argument. Here we ask whether such findings are confirmed in the case of theatre, dance and cinema attendance. A secondary aim of the paper is to bring to the attention of practitioners in the field of cultural policy and administration the need to address the issues that arise through the use of more powerful methods of data analysis than those often applied in the past. We explain how indicators of theatre, dance and cinema attendance derived from the Arts in England survey of 2001 can be subject to analysis so as to reveal two distinctive patterns of attendance and, in turn, two distinctive types of consumer—who can, it turns out, be regarded as omnivores and univores, even if with some qualification. The former have relatively high rates of attendance at all kinds of the events covered, including musicals and pantomimes as well as plays and ballet, while the latter tend to be cinema-goers only, that is, non-consumers of theatre and dance. A range of measures of social inequality are then introduced into the authors' analyses, including separate measures of social class and social status and also of educational level and income, and it is further shown that, again in conformity with the omnivore–univore argument, these two types of consumer are socially stratified. Omnivores are of generally higher social status than univores and also have usually higher levels of education and higher income than do univores (the latter finding marking the main difference with musical consumption, which was unaffected by income once other stratification variables were controlled). In sum, our results for theatre, dance and cinema attendance lend, overall, further support to the omnivore–univore argument as against its rivals, but also indicate that different aspects of social inequality impact on different forms of cultural consumption in varying degrees and probably through largely separate processes.     

船员体育活动现状研究

通过随船跟踪调查、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,对我国船员群众体育现状进行了调查和分析,结果表明:受航海职业工作和生活的影响,我国船员的健康状况较差;参加体育活动的原因主要是健身、消遣娱乐、和朋友交流、陪同家人;体育活动频率偏低,航行期间明显少于陆地休息期;活动内容主要有棋牌类、游泳、散步、跑步等;航行期间的体育活动场所主要是甲板、舱室、走廊和码头空地等;船员有强烈的健身意识,专业指导、场地器材和伙伴陪同是船员健身的主要要求.     

六盘水市野钟自然保护区黑叶猴生态及种群数量的春季调查研究

2004年4月3日至5月5日,笔者对黑叶猴进行了野外生态及种群数量调查研究,结果表明:(1)原野钟保护区内的黑叶猴仅有8群50只,其中包括1只当月生黄毛婴猴。猴群与1987年调查结果一样,但猴群个体数减少23只,主要是家庭成员减少;(2)保护区外围新发现7群59只,其中包括新增当月生4只黄毛婴猴;(3)黑叶猴的春季食物主要是被子植物的幼芽、叶和花;(4)野钟黑叶猴自然保护区应以黑叶猴分布及取食范围为依据,重新调整规划,建议下游从花嘎乡的底母村左侧河谷两侧到上游叉河北盘江两岸重新规划为黑叶猴自然保护区。     

广东高校运动员心理健康水平的调查分析

采用症状自评量表(SCL—90)对参加广东省第四届大学生运动会的部分运动员的心理健康水平进行了调查。调查分析的结果显示,研究对象的心理健康水平显著地高于普通大学生的水平,其中在强迫、人际、抑郁和偏执等项因子上的健康水平亦显著地高于全国常模水平。分析认为,研究对象具有良好的心理健康水平,与其较多地参加体育运动与竞赛有直接联系,亦与其学习负担减轻,变换了学习内容有很大关系。     

竞技跆拳道对抗中的心理特征分析

跆拳道属于格斗对抗性项目，其项目特点和比赛规则决定了比赛双方必然会展开激烈的对抗．对抗过程中比赛双方斗智斗勇，心理因素起到至关重要的作用。对跆拳道对抗中的心理特征进行分析，有助于建立良好的心态，从而有效发挥技战术水平；并且针对不同的心理特征给出相应的心理对策，更加有助于比赛选手运筹全局．     

浅析刑事审判理念

刑事审判理念是存在于刑事审判主体思维间、贯穿于审判全过程的一种观念,它通过其持有者的思想行为而影响审判实践。故其对审判活动的终极目标———审判公正的实现具有重要的作用。就目前的中国国情来说,现代刑事审判理念的确立应当包括法律至上并尊重民意、客观真实与法律真实并存、普遍正义与个案正义并存和审判独立、中立与庭审中心并存等理念。