Cardiac Dimensions in Elite Young Track Athletes

The purpose of the study was to compare young sprint and distance runners for changes in their cardiac dimensions with increased age (10–17 years) or body surface area (1–2 m²). Echocardiographic dimensions were obtained on 73 male track athletes competing in the 1983 National Age Group Track and Field Association championships. Each group of athletes was also compared with a hypothetical normal population (matched for weight and age) generated from prediction equations derived by Henry, Gardin, & Ware (1980). The cardiac dimensions examined were: Left ventricular internal diameter, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, and interventricular septum thickness. The male distance runners (n = 38) had a significantly greater increase in left ventricular posterior wall thickness and interventricular septum thickness with increasing age or increasing body surface area compared to the sprinters (n = 35) or compared to the predicted normal population. The left ventricular internal diameter was not significantly different between the groups. These results indicate that the hearts of male distance runners are undergoing a training hypertrophy whereas the hearts of sprinters are no different than hearts in a normal population. The changes in cardiac dimensions of these young athletes run counter to the generalizations stated for adult athletes: That endurance training enlarges the left ventricular internal diameter, but does not increase the left ventricular posterior wall or interventricular septum thickness.     

新中国成立70年来我国体育发展的经验启示及未来路径

采用文献资料和逻辑分析等研究方法，回顾新中国成立70年来我国体育发展历程和主要成就，总结历史经验为更好地发展中国体育事业提供智力支持。其发展历程可分为建国初期旧体育改造与人民"新体育"建设、社会主义建设初期的体育发展道路初探、"文革"时期的停滞不前与缓慢恢复、改革探索期的目标探究与路径探寻、改革建制期的体制改革与方式转型，以及改革攻坚期的体育强国新征程六个阶段。总结认为：我国体育发展的成功经验在于"四项坚持"，即坚持为人民服务的宗旨；坚持中国特色社会主义体育发展道路；坚持普及与提高相结合的发展方针；坚持改革创新的发展动力。步入改革攻坚的新时代，体育事业发展要始终坚持以下路径：加快体育强国建设步伐，提高体育在社会主义现代化建设中的战略地位；着力于发展攻坚的重点，解决中国体育发展不平衡不充分的首要问题；贯彻和落实"全民健身"和"健康中国"两大战略，满足人民群众幸福生活的根本追求；正确处理全民健身、竞技体育、体育产业和体育文化四者之间的关系和位置，克服倚轻倚重的苗头或弊端，促进各类体育事业融合发展。     

中国军人体质的评价标准与综合评价方法

利用百分位数法为所选指标制定评分标准,并在此基础上利用逐步回归分析的方法建立体质综合评价的数学模型,对军人体质综合评价方法进行了探索。在各项指标贡献率的确定上,采用的是经逐步回归分析得来的“标准化偏回归系数”与“简单相关系数”的乘积。在对每一个样本各项选中指标进行评分之后,进行逐步回归分析,建立了体质总体、身体形态、身体机能、身体素质、有氧耐力和力量素质共6种体质评价的数学模型。这些模型的建立以及评价标准的制定为计算机评价系统的实现提供了基本算法,也为《中国军人体质评价系统软件》的开发提供了可能。     

Walter White(ness) lashes out: Breaking Bad and male victimage

This essay situates the television show Breaking Bad (BB) and its critical reception in the context of American politics following the economic and political events of 2008. Reading the show as an allegory, I demonstrate that it offered a pathway for viewers to maintain investments and commitments to a toxic, white masculinity threatened by 2008’s economic and political dislocations. Taking the show up for its capacity to allegorize the human experience, Breaking Bad’s critically acclaimed status among viewers from widely divergent political positions suggests that the investment in raced and gendered ideas of individual freedom crosses partisan lines, indicating that American national identity and white masculinity share a mutually sustaining incoherence. Understanding the cultural roots of American victimage evident in post-2008 America helps explain how BB distinguished itself from similar masculine “anti-hero” dramas.     

Design and evaluation of a personal digital assistant- based alerting service for clinicians.

PURPOSE: This study describes the system architecture and user acceptance of a suite of programs that deliver information about newly updated library resources to clinicians' personal digital assistants (PDAs). DESCRIPTION: Participants received headlines delivered to their PDAs alerting them to new books, National Guideline Clearinghouse guidelines, Cochrane Reviews, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Alerts, as well as updated content in UpToDate, Harrison's Online, Scientific American Medicine, and Clinical Evidence. Participants could request additional information for any of the headlines, and the information was delivered via e-mail during their next synchronization. Participants completed a survey at the conclusion of the study to gauge their opinions about the service. RESULTS/OUTCOME: Of the 816 headlines delivered to the 16 study participants' PDAs during the project, Scientific American Medicine generated the highest proportion of headline requests at 35%. Most users of the PDA Alerts software reported that they learned about new medical developments sooner than they otherwise would have, and half reported that they learned about developments that they would not have heard about at all. While some users liked the PDA platform for receiving headlines, it seemed that a Web database that allowed tailored searches and alerts could be configured to satisfy both PDA-oriented and e-mail-oriented users.     

优秀少年男篮运动员身体形态,机能特征研究

测试了全国少年男子篮球运动员的形态、体成分特征和无氧代谢能力,实验结果显示：研究对象的身体形态其身体重特征具备高大化趋势,体型特征还未形成肩宽骨盆窄型;Ｆ％与篮球运动项目相符;３０ｓ具大无氧功峰值和３０ｓ平均功较高,３０ｓ末无氧功下降率较高。研究提示：应加强速度耐力训练以提高青少年男篮于无氧耐力水平,同时应加强上肢肌力训练,促进户带骨发育。